Terms & Digestion

1. Terms & Digestion Food and Nutrition Spring 2011

2. The Digestive System Digestion: Process the body uses to break food into nutrients Absorption: process by which nutrients get from the digestive tract into transportation system that carries them to cells throughout the body Food is broken down in the digestive tract or Alimentary Canal

4. 7 Parts of the Digestive Tract • Mouth • Esophagus • Stomach • Small Intestine • Large Intestine • Rectum • Anus

5. Mouth Sight, smell and taste of food stimulate the flow of a liquid called saliva. Saliva’s job is to soften and moisten food. Swallowing is an involuntary reflex.

6. Esophagus The tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. Muscle contractions called peristalsis carry food along to it’s next location.

7. Stomach Churns and breaks down your meal and mixes it with gastric juices. The food now becomes a thin, soupy mixture called chyme

8. Small Intestine Digestion ends here. This tube is 20 feet long and is divided into 3 sections • Duodenum • Jejunum • Ileum Villi: hair like projections that increase the surface of the intestinal wall The food has now been digested. It will now be absorbed by the blood stream. Wastes will pass to the large intestine and later be eliminated.

9. Large Intestine There are four sections: • Ascending Colon – goes up • Transverse Colon – goes across • Descending Colon – goes down • Sigmoid Colon – the “S” shaped part Its function is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter, and then to pass useless waste material from the body.

10. Rectum & Anus Last Part of the Digestive System. Waste is eliminated through here.

12. Nutrition Terms • RDA • Digestion • Nutrients • Fortified Foods • Nutrition • Dietary Supplements • Cholesterol • Dehydration • Dietary Fiber • Complex Carbohydrates • Calorie • Enriched Foods • Basal Metabolic Rate

13. Nutrition The science of turning food into fuel for the body

14. Nutrients Provide materials for building and maintenance of body tissue, and regulate body processes. 6 Main Nutrients Carbohydrates Minerals Fat Vitamins Protein Water

15. Organic Nutrients – any substance that contains carbonCarbs – Minerals – Fat – Protein Inorganic Nutrients – any substance that does not contain carbonVitamins - Water

16. Energy We get energy from 3 of the 4 organic nutrients • Fats • Carbohydrates • Protein These Nutrients give us “fuel for our body!”

17. Calories A unit of energy is called a CALORIE (kcal). An egg has 85 (kcals) calories 1 gm of Carbohydrate = 4 kcal 1 gm of protein = 4 kcal 1 gm of fat = 9 kcal

18. RDA The Recommended Dietary Allowance recommends that our diets have: 58% Carbohydrate – 30% Fat – 12% Protein

19. Carbohydrates • Organic Nutrient • Body’s main source of energy • Provides fiber for digestion and elimination • Best Sources: bread, cereals, chips, fruits, potatoes, rice, sweets and sugar

20. Proteins • Organic Nutrient • Body uses it to build and repair tissue • Helps regulate body processes • Helps make antibodies to fight disease • Best Sources: Milk, Cheese, Eggs, Poultry, Fish, Meat, Nuts, and Legumes

21. Fats • Organic Nutrient • Carry fat-soluble vitamins through the body • Some supply essential fatty acids for normal growth and skin health • Best sources: butter, margarine, lard, vegetable oil, and vegetable shortening

22. Vitamins • Inorganic Nutrient • Each vitamin has it’s special function. • They do not provide energy or build body tissue, but they help regulate these processes • Best Sources: Different in all foods

23. Minerals • Organic Nutrient • Help regulate body processes • Best Sources: different in all foods

24. Water • Inorganic Nutrients • Carries nutrients to the body cells and carries waste products away • Helps keep the body cool • Best Sources: water