1 / 21

The Endocrine system

The Endocrine system. Glands and hormones. Hormones - chemical messengers carried by blood- May stimulate other glands Regulate growth, development, metabolism, sex processes. Hormones need a specific receptor on a specific cell to do their job. Major Glands of the Endocrine system.

moeshe
Download Presentation

The Endocrine system

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Endocrine system Glands and hormones

  2. Hormones- chemical messengers carried by blood- • May stimulate other glands • Regulate growth, development, metabolism, sex processes

  3. Hormones need a specific receptor on a specific cell to do their job

  4. Major Glands of the Endocrine system

  5. Pituitary gland • Produces many hormones that affect other glands • thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) • Somatotropin- growth hormone (GH) stimulates protein synthesis and growth in cells • Lutenizing (LH)- causes ovulation • Melanocyte stimulating- distribution of melanin in skin • ADH- antidiuretic hormone; stimulates kidneys to reabsorb water

  6. Problems with the Pituitary Gigantism- oversecretion of somatotropin (GH) before puberty

  7. Pituitary Dwarfism

  8. Acromegaly • results when the anterior pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone (GH) after epiphyseal plate closure at puberty

  9. Acromegaly

  10. Hypothalamus Controls secretion of the pituitary gland Activity influenced by other hormones and central nervous system

  11. Thyroid • produces hormones (Thyroxine) that control metabolism and calcium in blood. • Thyroid gland must have a source of iodine

  12. Goiter • Too little iodine in the diet needed for proper thyroid function All you need is a pinch per day of salt. If you can’t have salt, you can take iodine drops.

  13. HYPERTHYROIDISM • Most commonly caused by Graves Disease, which is an autoimmune disease • Signs include thinness, eyes that stick out like a bug (exophthalmoses) • Leads to nervousness, weight loss, sweating, and rapid heart rate.

  14. HypothyroidismBefore and After Treatment • Hypothyroidism • Decreases metabolism, causes obesity

  15. Located just above the kidney Secretes many hormones Epinephrine Norepinephrine Many steroid hormones, inc estrogen and androgens. Adrenal Glands

  16. Excessive Adrenal Hormones • Cushing’s Disease- pituitary tumor (excess ACTH) • Signs/symptoms: buffalo hump, moon face, muscle loss/weakness, thin skin with striae, hyperglycemia, immune suppression

  17. Cushing’s Syndrome

  18. pancreatic juices into the intestine Alpha cells secrete glucagon- increases glucose in bloodstream by signaling liver to breakdown glycogen Beta cells secrete insulin, a hormone that allows glucose into cells.Promotes storage of glucose as glycogen in liver Pancreas

  19. Cause- decreased secretion of insulin or decreased insulin sensitivity Symptoms Excessive thirst, excessive urination, hyperglycemia, slow healing of skin infections, lethargy, vision problems, nerve issues Affects 21 million in US: 7% of population Estimated 1/3 of people who have diabetes don’t know it 225,000 die each year from complications 132 billion/year- 10% of our health care spending Diabetes Mellitus

  20. Insulin Facts • Insulin was the first hormone identified (late 1920's) which won the doctor and medical student who discovered it the Nobel Prize (Banting and Best) • 1982 - Human Insulin- First ever approved genetically engineered human therapeutic by Genentech

  21. Diabetes Mellitus • Type I diabetes (insulin dependent, usually develops in children) • Destruction of pancreatic Beta islet cells by immune system • Need insulin injections daily throughout life. • Type II diabetes (not insulin dependent in the beginning, usually develops in adults) • consequence of obesity: cells are less sensitive to insulin. • Initially treated with diet and exercise. • Oral medicines or injected insulin may be needed.

More Related