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Chapter 3: The Magnitude of the Crime Problem

Chapter 3: The Magnitude of the Crime Problem. Crime reporting rates in the US and UK. Reasons for not reporting crime to police (UK). Reasons for not reporting crime to police (US). Case study. Calls for service in Camden, NJ. CAD incidents, Camden (NJ) 2005.

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Chapter 3: The Magnitude of the Crime Problem

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  1. Chapter 3: The Magnitude of the Crime Problem

  2. Crime reporting rates in the US and UK

  3. Reasons for not reporting crime to police (UK)

  4. Reasons for not reporting crime to police (US)

  5. Case study Calls for service in Camden, NJ

  6. CAD incidents, Camden (NJ) 2005

  7. Top potential crime calls for service, Camden, 2005

  8. Calls for service in Camden, NJ While 80 per cent of CAD incidents in Camden appear to relate to crime… … over 80 per cent of these same incidents do not result in a crime report.

  9. The crime funnel

  10. Criminal careers • Criminal careers can be defined by their • Onset • Duration (usually measured in years) • Termination

  11. Youth Lifestyles Survey 57 per cent of males and 37 per cent of females had committed an offence at some point in their life Nearly 20 per cent of them had done so in the previous 12 months

  12. Some major criminal career studies Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development Wolfgang’s Philadelphia cohort UK Home Office study of the 1950s and 1960s

  13. Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development Frequents (43% of offenders) Occasionals Innocents Criminal careers average between 7 and 9 years

  14. Marvin Wolfgang • Philadelphia cohort study • 627 chronics constituted only 6.3 per cent of the whole cohort of 9,945 boys • Chronic offenders were responsible for 52 of all cohort offences

  15. Prevalence of offenders per 100 males Adapted from Farrington, D.P. (1992) ‘Criminal career research in the United Kingdom’, British Journal of Criminology, 32(4): 525.

  16. Reoffending increases with court appearances Source: Coumarelos, C. (1994) ‘Juvenile offending: predicting persistence and determining the cost-effectiveness of interventions’ (Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research), p. 20

  17. Key risk factors for prolific offenders

  18. Organized crime Term loosely applied Includes long-term, hierarchically structured teams, to ‘loose networks of career criminals, who come together for specific criminal ventures and dissolve once these are over’ (Serious Organized Crime Agency, 2006)

  19. Money laundering Estimates of yearly global sums laundered can range from US$500 billion to US$1.5 trillion (Brooks 2001) However, the estimates that do exist have ‘little evidence to justify them’ (Levi 2002: 184) Another constituent of the ‘dark figure of crime’

  20. Criminal careers summarized • The criminal careers research can best be summarized as 6 per cent of the population commit about 60 per cent of the crime • Still leaves • a large number of prolific offenders to be disrupted or incapacitated, and • a significant minority of the crime being committed by occasional offenders who may not come to notice.

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