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Constantine & councils

Constantine & councils. Changes initiated by emperor Constantine. Rise of monasticism. Incarnation & Trinity. Councils. Constantine’s Vision. Constantine defeated Maxentius here. Milvian bridge near Rome. Constantine’s Arch in Rome (312-15).

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Constantine & councils

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  1. Constantine & councils Changes initiated by emperor Constantine. Rise of monasticism. Incarnation & Trinity. Councils.

  2. Constantine’s Vision

  3. Constantine defeated Maxentius here. Milvian bridge near Rome

  4. Constantine’s Arch in Rome (312-15).

  5. Emperor Valentinian I (364-375) holds labarum.4th c. coin (imitation).

  6. CHURCH & STATE BEFORE CONSTANTINE AFTER CONSTANTINE  max. 10% of the population  more than half of the population • illegal religion  favored and protected by Emperor • persecuted minority  persecuting majority • relatively poor, little property wealthy • tended to undercut family and tribal relations  cemented social and family ties  other-worldly and ascetic  world-embracing  monasticism as a separate movement

  7. Monasticism

  8. Monastery of St. Catherine on Mount Sinai.

  9. Mar Saba’s monastery. Judean desert.

  10. Rila monastery. Bulgaria.

  11. HOLY PLACES, SACRED SPACES BEFORE CONSTANTINE AFTER CONSTANTINE • sense of non-belonging, homelessness  the whole Empire became home  no holy places  holy land recovered • secret gatherings in private houses  public buildings (basilicas) became churches

  12. The Earliest Surviving Christian Church

  13. Basilica of Nativity in Bethlehem. 4th c.

  14. Basilica of St. Apollianarius in Ravenna, Italy.

  15. Martyrium basilica & Resurrection rotunda on Golgotha

  16. Cross-shaped basilica. Plan. St. Simpliciano, Milan, late 4th c. Plan.

  17. Cross-shaped basilica. St. Simpliciano, Milan, late 4th c. Exterior.

  18. Crucifixion. Door from St. Sabina, Rome. 432-440. Cypress wood.

  19. Basilica of St. Sabina

  20. SACRED TIME BEFORE CONSTANTINE AFTER CONSTANTINE • expected Jesus to return soon  apocalyptic expectations faded • alienation from pagan calendar & feasts  replaced pagan feasts with Christian holidays

  21. Who do you say that I am?

  22. Incarnation and Trinity • Arius: the Son (Jesus Christ) is inferior to God the Father • Council of Nicaea 325: The Son is of one essence with the Father • Council of Constantinople 381: Trinity: one essence, three persons. • Council of Chalcedon 451: Christ is fully divine & fully human.

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