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Understanding Confucianism: Ethics, Government, and Society

Explore the teachings of Confucianism, focusing on ethics and proper behavior for individuals and governments. Learn about the influence of Confucian ideas throughout Chinese history and the development of Neo-Confucianism. Discover the role of Scholar-Officials in ancient China and their impact on governance.

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Understanding Confucianism: Ethics, Government, and Society

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  1. China Chapter 7, Section 3

  2. Confucianism

  3. Confucian Ideas – p.177 • Teachings focused on ethics or proper behavior for individuals & governments • People should follow 2 basic principles- • Ren-concern for others • Li-appropriate behavior • Society would work best if everyone followed ren and li

  4. Confucian Ideas – p. 177 • Everyone had a proper role in society • Order was maintained if everyone knew their roles and behaved appropriately • Ex. – young people should obey their elders • Ex. – subjects should obey their rulers

  5. The Influence of Confucianism – p.177 • At first, his ideas not widely followed after his death • Han Dyn.-comes into favor • Becomes the official state philosophy

  6. The Influence of Confucianism – p. 177 • Period of Disunion-overshadowed by Buddhism • Sui & early Tang-Buddhism very influential-promising escape from suffering • Confucianism, which stressed ethics, lost some influence, but still important

  7. Neo-Confucianism – p. 178 • Late in Tang Dyn.-renewed interest in Confucianism • because scholars wanted to improve govt. & society • Neo-Confucianism develops during & after the Song Dynasty • Neo means new

  8. Neo-Confucianism – p. 178 • Neo-Confucianism-similar to old philosophy because it taught proper behavior • It also emphasized spiritual matters (new part) • Much more influential under Song and even more later • Ideas became official govt. teachings after Song

  9. Confucius Quotes • A superior man is modest in his speech, but exceeds in his actions. • Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life. • Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall. • Success depends upon previous preparation, and without such preparation there is sure to be failure.

  10. Scholar-Officials

  11. Scholar Officials – pp. 178-179 • Song Dyn. improved system by which people worked for the govt. • Workers formed a bureaucracy-body of unelected govt. officials • Civil Service-means service as a govt. official • People had to pass written exams to become govt. officials • Students were tested on Confucianism & related ideas

  12. Scholar-Officials – pp. 178-179 • Tests very difficult-took years of study • Passing meant life as a scholar-official-an educated member of the govt. • Scholar-officials were highly respected members of society with many privileges • This system ensured that talented people became govt. officials

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