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Engineering Pro-vitamin A Biosynthesis in Rice Endosperm

Learn how the Pro-vitamin A biosynthetic pathway was engineered into rice endosperm to combat Vitamin A deficiency, impacting millions of children worldwide. Discover the successful conversion of GGDP to Pro-vitamin A in rice and how this innovation can address malnutrition in underdeveloped countries.

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Engineering Pro-vitamin A Biosynthesis in Rice Endosperm

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  1. Ye, X; Al-Babili, S; Kloti, A; Zhang, J; Lucca, P; Beyer, P; Potrykus, I. 2000. Engineering the Pro-vitamin A (B-Carotene) Biosynthetic Pathway into (Carotenoid-Free) Rice Endosperm. Science 287 (5451): 303. Presented by Igy Martinez

  2. VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY • 124 million children affected worldwide • 1 to 2 million deaths per year among children • Major cause of seeing disorders • Other afflictions • Prevalent in 26 countries where rice is a major food staple

  3. RICE (ORYZA SATIVA) • Primary food source in over ½ the world population • Poor source of essential nutrients • Vitamin A deficient • Synthesizes GGDP

  4. Rational • Combat malnutrition • Find alternatives to deliver vitamin A in underdeveloped countries • Supplement rice endosperm with vitamin A

  5. Beta Carotene Biosynthetic Pathway

  6. Three rice groups tested Control group with no transformation Single group that underwent one transformation carrying a combination of three vectors Double group that underwent two transformations each carrying one vector Vector Sequencing Three vectors in single transformation group combined sequencing for phytoene synthase from daffodil and phytoene desaturase from Erwinia bacterium One vector in the co-transformation group sequenced phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase while the second vector sequenced lycopene beta cyclase Recombinant DNA Technology

  7. “Golden Rice” • Single transformant line revealed 3:1 colored/uncolored ratio. • Co-transformant line were all variably colored. • Vitamin A synthesized in both lines. • All transgenic rice plants showed normal vegetation and were fertile.

  8. HPLC Results • Both transformed lines detected beta carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin • None of the transformed lines detected lycopene beta cyclase

  9. Relevance • GGDP in rice endosperm can be successfully converted to pro-vitamin A. • The detection of pro-vitamin A in both transformed groups indicates that the enzymes necessary to convert lycopene into pro-vitamin A are already expressed in normal rice endosperm.

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