Rules without a relationship leads to rebellion.

1. Rules without a relationship leads to rebellion. Please Fill out The following Name How do you learn best? What are your goals for this class? 3 interesting things about you

2. Reasons People have success in my class. • High Expectations • Themselves and class • Open Minded • Live in the now with eye for future • Talking (Participating) • The people who talk the most, learn the most. • Participating • Small group • Assignments • Large Group • Positive Attitude • Do Not Complain! Its annoying for everyone. • If you think you can, your right. If you think you can’t you won’t. • Responsible- Turn things in on time. Be accountable.

3. Government Be able to define each a. Government – • The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies. b. Public policies – • All of the many goals that a government pursues in all of the many areas of human affairs in which it is involved. Chapter 1, Section 1

4. Civic Duty What are some examples of a citizens civic duty?

5. Agree or Disagree ?(Why?) One of the reasons people hate politics is that truth is rarely a politician's objective. Election and power are. Cal Thomas The largest party in America, by the way, is neither the Democrats nor the Republicans. It's the party of non-voters. Robert Reich In the United States, the majority undertakes to supply a multitude of ready-made opinions for the use of individuals, who are thus relieved from the necessity of forming opinions of their own. Alexis de Tocqueville I think of a hero as someone who understands the degree of responsibility that comes with his freedom. Bob Dylan

6. "No one is born a good citizen; no nation is born a democracy. Rather, both are processes that continue to evolve over a lifetime. Young people must be included from birth. A society that cuts off from its youth severs its lifeline." -- Kofi Annan • Write 1 page detailing the following • What skills are required of a good citizen? • Why does this country need great citizens? • Format (1 page minimum) • Formal essay • Hand written

7. Powers of Government Each government has and exercises these 3 powers Legislative Power Executive Power Judicial Power What problems might a government run into if it lacked one of these powers?

8. The State • State- a body of people, living in a defined territory, organized politically, with the power to make and enforce laws. • 4 characteristics every state must have. • Population • Territory • Sovereignty- has supreme and absolute power within its own territory • Government

9. Which are “States”? (Circle)

10. Governments can be classified by three different standards: (1) The geographic distribution of the governmental power within the state(Nation). (2) The relationship between the legislative (lawmaking) and the executive (law-executing) branches of the government (3) Who can participate in the governing process. Who has the power? Chapter 1, Section 2

11. Unitary • Central Gov has • all gov power • Unitary Government • A unitary government has all powers held by a single, central agency. • Local or Regional Gov have very little power

12. Confederate Government • A confederationis an alliance of independent states. • Central Government has little power Local or Regional Governments have most all the power.

13. Federal Government • Central has • some powers • A federal government is one in which the powers of government are divided between a central government and several local governments. • An authority superior to both the central and local governments makes this division of power on a geographic basis. • Local/Regional Regional/Local Governments have some powers

14. Chapter 1, Section 2

15. Who can participate in government? • Democracy- when responsibility for the exercise of the powers of government rests with a majority of the people. • Dictatorship- One person or small group of people is responsible for exercising the powers of government. • Which are we?

16. Who Can Participate in Government? Democracy Representative Democracy (Republican Democracy)- a small group of persons, chosen by the people to act as their representatives, expresses the popular will Direct Democracy- The will of the people is translated into public policy directly, by the people themselves, in mass meetings. Which do we use most often in the United States? Why?

17. Who Can Participate in Government? Dictatorship Autocracy- single person holds unlimited political power Oligarchy- power to rule is held by a small self appointed elite

18. Marshall Schools? Forms of Government Chapter 1, Section 2

19. Vocabulary Assignment • Definition • Sentence • Picture on the backside • Unitary government • Federal government • Confederate government • Parliamentary government • Presidential government • Representative Democracy • Direct democracy • Dictatorship • Autocracy • Oligarchy

20. What Would You Rather Have? • "The penalty good men payfor indifference to public affairs,is to be ruled by evil men." • Dictatorship or Democracy? • Who was Plato? • Greek Philosopher- Learned under Socrates • Plato challenged the idea that a democracy is the best form of government. He wrote about an ideal state with an ideal form of government. He called this imaginary place utopia. • What is utopia?

21. Plato terms • Temperance- • moderation of action thought or feeling • Habitual moderation of the actions, thoughts or passions • Restraint • Eugenics • A science that deals with the improvement (as by control of human mating) of hereditary traits or qualities. • Technocracy- • Management of society by technical experts • Technocrat- technical expert put in charge of society

22. Plato’s Utopia • Guardians/Philosopher Kings • Lovers of wisdom • Skilled in academic areas • Do not wish to govern • Can not seek material possessions while in office • The Warriors • Warrior Class • Courage • Sacrifice for the state • The Workers • Lovers of money (Yankees fans- Maxwell ) • Perform trades and jobs necessary for the state • Workers would not wish to move up the ladder

23. Foundations of American Constitutional Democracy The American concept of democracy rests on these basic notions. • Worth of the individual • Each individual, no matter what his or her station in life, is a separate and distinct being. • At various times, the welfare of one or a few individuals is subordinated to the interests of the many in a democracy. Come up with 3 examples of this from our democracy.

24. Foundations of Democracy • Equality of all Persons • What does this mean? • Equality of opportunity • Equality before the law Have we met this standard in our democracy?

25. Foundations of Democracy • Majority Rule, Minority Rights • Democracy argues that a majority of people will be right, more often than they will be wrong, and that the majority will also be right more often than will any one person or small group. Do you agree with this premise? • What are the rights of the minority?

26. Foundations of Democracy • Necessity of Compromise • Why is compromise essential in a functioning, effective democracy? • Individual Freedom • How much individual freedom can a democracy have(Where should the line be drawn? • “The right to swing my fist ends where the other man’s nose begins” Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes

27. Democracy and the Free Enterprise System • Free Enterprise System (Free Market, Capitalism)- Goods are owned by individuals rather than government. Prices are dictated in the market place. • Are a democracy and a free enterprise system the same? • Do they have to go together? • Does America have a free market system?

28. Government and the Free Enterprise System • Mixed Economy- economy in which private enterprise exists in combination with a considerable amount of government regulation and “promotion”. • Journal-What are some examples of government involvement in the economy? • Come up with 15 of them • Government’s participation in the economy serves a two fold purpose • Protect the public • Preserve private enterprise

29. How much is too much? • What are some benefits of government intervention in our economy? • What are some possible dangers of government involvement in the economy? • What can go wrong? “The sailors throng about the captain, begging and praying him to commit the helm to them; and if at any time they do not prevail, but others are preferred to them, they kill the others or throw them overboard, and having first chained up the noble captain’s senses with drink or some narcotic drug, they mutiny and take possession of the ship”

30. Budget Deficit and National Debt • Budget Deficit 2009- $1,420,000,000,000.00 • National Debt- $16,000,000,000,000.00 (roughly) • What are the consequences? • Increase in interest rates for government borrowing • Larger portions of yearly budget going towards interest payments

31. Option 2: Other Program CutsYearly Budget Breakdown, Assuming No Tax Hikes or Budget Deficits

32. CSPAN (Senate Budget Committee Hearing on the National Debt) • http://www.c-span.org/Events/Senate-Budget-Cmte-Hearing-on-the-National-Debt/15914-1/ • Record the following • Who is speaking and what are their credentials? • Member of the Senate or the House of Representatives or do they have some other position? • If they are a politician, are they a Republican or a Democrat? • Summarize what each speaker says. • Do you think that members of Congress have knowledge of our long term budget problems?

33. Reflection Questions • Our long term issues regarding our budget are common knowledge among our politicians. • If members of Congress agree that something needs to be done, why won’t they take action to solve our long term budget problems? • In your opinion, What would need to happen for Congress to be willing to take action on this issue? • If Plato were speaking at the hearing what might he say? • What would he suggest we do in order to come up with a solution to our budget problems? • What would he say about our system of govt.?

34. Our Political Beginnings

35. Read pg. 28-39 • Define • Limited government • Representative government • Ordered government • Describe how each of the three Landmark English Documents may have shaped our government. • Magna Carta • Petition of Right • English Bill of Rights • Describe the three types of government in the English colonies. • What were the common features of the first state constitutions?

36. English Settlers Basic Concepts of Government • Ordered Government- They created local governments, based on those they had known in England • Limited Government- Colonists brought with them the idea that government is not all powerful. • Government is restricted in what it may do, and each individual has certain rights that government cannot take away. • Representative Government- Idea that government should serve the will of the people. • These three ideas can be traced back to the following landmark documents in English history.

37. Landmark English Documents • The Magna Carta- Signed by King John in 1215 • Included fundamental rights such as trial by jury and due process of law, and protection against the arbitrary taking of life, liberty and property. • The Magna Carta established the principle that the power of the monarchy was not absolute.

38. Landmark English Documents • The Magna Carta was respected by some monarchs and ignored by others for 400 years. • Petition of Right- (1628)signed by King Charles I, the petition of right limited the Kings power in several ways. • Document demanded that the king no longer imprison or otherwise punish any person except by the lawful judgment of their peers, or by the law of the land. • No martial law (rule by military) in time of peace. • Homeowners no longer required to shelter king’s troops without their consent.

39. English Landmark Documents • English Bill of Rights- 1688 • Stated that King and Queen could not suspend law or execute law without consenting parliament. • Could not spend money for use of the crown without the consent of parliament. • It also states such rights as right to a fair trial, freedom from excessive bail and from cruel and unusual punishment.

40. Royal Colonies • Under direct control of the crown • New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia (8 total) • Executive and legislature named by King

41. Proprietary Colonies • Land could be settled and governed as the proprietor (owner chose). • Government much like royal colonies except under proprietor’s control rather than the king. • Maryland Pennsylvania Deleware

42. Charter Colonies • Large degree of freedom from the king • Power held by white male property owners • Connecticut, Rhode Island

43. Growing Tension • Colonists enjoyed a great degree of independence pre 1760’ • This begins to change • Stamp act of 1765 • Many hated policies dealing with taxes and trade regulation • First Continental Congress 1774 • Second Continental Congress 1775

44. Vocabulary • Constitution • Articles of Confederation • Limited Government • Representative Government • Unicameral • Bicameral • Popular Sovereignty • House of Representatives • Senate • Federalists • Anti-Federalists

45. A New Nation

46. Articles of Confederation • Articles of Confederation was the first attempt to establish a lasting government for the new nation • Which do you think had more power under the Articles of Confederation? • The regional colonial governments • The central government • Why?

47. Articles of Confederation • Congress was the sole body created. • Unicameral (1 house)- made up of delegates chosen yearly by the states in whatever way their legislatures might direct. • Each state had one vote in congress no matter its population or wealth. • No executive or judicial branch • Congress could make war and peace, send and receive ambassadors, make treaties, borrow money, set up a money system, establish military, settle disputes among the states.

48. Glaring Omissions • Article of Confederation had critical weaknesses • Congress did not have the power to tax • Why is this a problem? • Congress did not have the power to regulate trade between the states. • Trade wars between states (Why is this a problem?) • Congress lacked power to make states obey the Articles of Confederation or the laws it made. • Congress needed consent of 9 of the 13 states to exercise powers. • Articles could be amended only with the approval of all 13 state legislatures.

49. Philadelphia Convention (Constitutional Convention) • 55 delegates met from all the states but Rhode Island. • Convention was originally to revise the articles of confederation. • Later the purpose of the Philadelphia Convention shifted to drafting a new constitution.

50. Philadelphia Convention Grading Criteria • Political Cartoons- • Need to be persuasive • Can outline positive aspects of your chosen plan and/or negative aspects of the opposing plan. • Pictures need to be creative, colorful and need to take up the entire page! • You need to explain how your arguments are made through the symbolism in your cartoon (On the back side). • Speeches • 4 paragraphs in length • Highlights positive aspects of your plan • Highlights negative characteristics of opposing plan • Should be persuasive • Speech should be delivered in a serious manner • You need to make sure to highlight issues that were of primary concern during this debate!