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Community Colleges. Presented by Professor Vijay Kapur, MBA , PhD, IAS Currently on Inter-University deputation as Advisor to the Vice Chacellor , Indira Gandhi National Open University Maidan Garhi, New Delhi – 110068. India November 3, 2009.
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Community Colleges Presented by Professor Vijay Kapur, MBA, PhD, IAS Currently on Inter-University deputation as Advisor to the Vice Chacellor, Indira Gandhi National Open University Maidan Garhi, New Delhi – 110068. India November 3, 2009
“The highest education is that which does not merely give us information but makes our life in harmony with all existence.” Rabindranath Tagore. “Literary education is of no value, if it is not able to build up a sound character.” Mahatma Gandhi.
The Concept of the Community College System The Community College is an alternative system of education, which is aimed at the empowerment of the disadvantaged and the underprivileged (Urban poor, Rural poor, Tribal poor and Women) through appropriate skills development leading to gainful employment in collaboration with the local industry and the community and achieve skills for employment and self employability of the above sections of people in the society. The Community College is an innovative educational alternative that is rooted in the community providing holistic education and eligibility for employment to the disadvantaged and the economically vulnerable.
Community Colleges American Scenario
A National Resource • 1,600 community and technical colleges • 11.5 million students enrolled • 6.5 million in credit programs • 5 million in non-credit programs Source: American Association of Community Colleges (AACC)
Community College Fast Facts Number and Type of Colleges: Total: 1,195 Public: 987 Independent: 177 Tribal: 31 Source: AACC
Enrollment: Total: 11.5 millionCredit: 6.5 millionNoncredit: 5 millionEnrolled full time: 41%Enrolled part time: 59% Source: AACC
Demographics: Average age: 2921 or younger: 43%22 to 39: 42%40 or older: 16%Women: 60%Men: 40%Minorities: 35%Black: 13%Hispanic: 15%Asian/Pacific Islander: 6%Native American: 1%First generation to attend college: 39%Single parents: 17%Non-U.S. citizens: 8% Source: AACC
The Changing U.S. Workforce Unskilled 10% Skilled 20% Unskilled 60% Professional 20% Skilled 70% Professional 20% 1950 2005 Source: AACC
Community College Students Percentages of Undergraduates All U.S. undergraduates: 46%First-time freshmen: 41%Native American: 55%Asian/Pacific Islander: 46%Black: 46%Hispanic: 55% Source: AACC
Employment Status: Full-time students employed full time: 27%Full-time students employed part time: 50%Part-time students employed full time: 50%Part-time students employed part time: 33% Source: AACC
The Value of Community Colleges “…Community colleges are well adapted to meeting the needs of local employers. They’re flexible, they’re able to say to an employer, what do you need, and we’ll educate the people for the kind of workers you need.” Former President of America: George W. Bush
Assets of Community Colleges • Local, affordable access to higher education; • Key role in preparing students for the workplace; and • Specialized training and education to meet local workforce needs.
Community College Initiatives Labor Market ResponsivenessAccelerating Student Success Through Credit-Based OptionsAdult Education to Community College Transitions
Community College Initiatives Community College capacity-buildingHigh Skills for High Growth CareersCommunity Leadership InitiativeCollege and Career Transitions Initiative
Total Number of Colleges in India Source: (MCRDCE), Chennai
Total Number of Colleges in India • Tamilnadu - 75 • Pondicherry - 01 • Andhra Pradesh - 03 • Delhi - 01 • Karnataka - 02 • Chhattisgarh - 03 • Kerala - 05 • Maharashtra - 01 • Gujarat - 02 • Jharkhand - 01 • Uttranchal - 01 • Total - 95 Source: MCRDCE
Qualification Source: MCRDCE
Total Number of Students in Community Colleges by 2006 Source: MCRDCE
Culture and Education Is the American model of Community Colleges suitable for Indian people?
Cultural Dimensions of Education • Higher education is required to pursue and accept cultural identity, promote cultural values, protect and encourage cultural diversity and participate actively in developing intercultural understanding. This goal finds resonance in both the American and Indian perspectives though the level of implementation varies. • The American Approach – Altruism and financial rewards are compatible not competing goals. This does not resonate within the Indian setting where social and developmental goals take prominence.
Conclusion • Universality of education implies that the goal not only to train but to educate. This aspect is yet to evolve totally within the Indian setting. • Cultural beliefs and attitudes impact directly on personal behavior which is also influenced by the level of cultural competence. This must be included within the Indian model which is evolving. • Need to establish a mentoring relationship between each functional Indian Community College and an experienced American Community College. This could be based on the sister city model.
“Upon the subject of education, not presuming to dictate any plan or system respecting it, I can only say that I view it as the most important subject which we as a people may be engaged in. That everyone may receive at least a moderate education appears to be an objective of vital importance.” Abraham Lincoln. “Education is an ornament in prosperity and a refuge in adversity.” Aristotle.
