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Petrology 1

The Importance of Rocks. World economies essentially depend upon raw rock materialAll Earth processes involve rocksContain clues about the environment in which they were depositedDivided into three categoriesSedimentaryIgneousMetamorphic. The Rock Cycle. Explains the appearance/formation of al

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Petrology 1

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    1. Petrology 1 Rock Cycles

    2. The Importance of Rocks World economies essentially depend upon raw rock material All Earth processes involve rocks Contain clues about the environment in which they were deposited Divided into three categories Sedimentary Igneous Metamorphic

    3. The Rock Cycle Explains the appearance/formation of all forms of lithospheric rock Responsible for constant modification of Earths solid surface

    4. The Rock Cycle Begins with magma Molten material that forms deep within the Earth When it cools and hardens, crystallization occurs May occur at the surface or below Creates igneous rock Igneous rock is the root of all continents Referred to as a craton

    5. Bowens Reaction Series N. L. Bowen Discovered that as magma cools, certain crystals form first Crystals will form in a specific order If a mineral crystallizes but remains in a molten solution, it will react with remaining liquid and produce the next mineral in the series Therefore, minerals present often lead to hints about overall magma cooling rates

    6. Bowens Reaction Series Shows progression from the formation of one mineral to the next Often not a complete reaction hence multiple rocks in same area Separation of solid and liquid components of magma can occur during crystallization If earliest formed materials are denser than melt, they will sink to bottom of deposit in a process known as crystal settling May be especially true in mafic deposits Subsequent rocks will have very different chemical compositions

    7. Bowens Reaction Series

    8. Bowens Reaction Series Weathering Reaction series can be used to make basic observations about weathering rates Minerals are most stable in environments similar to where they crystallize Mafic minerals often erode quickly at the earths surface since environment is so different

    9. Bowens Reaction Series

    10. The Rock Cycle Once rocks are exposed at surface, they undergo weathering by wind and water Material moves downslope by water, air, glaciers, etc. Forms sediments Sediments then undergo lithification Sediments generally compacted into layers or cemented together by mineral matter Forms sedimentary rock Referred to as strata

    11. The Rock Cycle If sediments become buried beneath Earth, great pressure and heat may result Origins of forces may be mountain building or intruded magma Forces sometimes strong enough to cause distinct changes in mineral/rock structure due to immense heat/pressure Metamorphic rock results If exposed to even higher amounts of heat, rock will melt and form new magma

    12. The Rock Cycle

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