2 nd WORKS workshop on Measuring changes in work by Organisation surveys 19-20 March 2007

1. The COI survey: matching employers and employee to understand the dynamics of organisations and workNathalie Greenan (CEE) 2nd WORKS workshop onMeasuring changes in work by Organisation surveys 19-20 March 2007

2. « Employers » 1997:4025 firms in manufacturing, 50 employees and more,randomly selected,82% response rate 2006:7000 firms in the private sector, 20 employees and more, Harmonized European survey on ICTs. Exploratory survey at 800 employers in the public sector89% response rate « Employees» 1997: 9000 employeeswith at least 1 year of senioritysmall samples (2 or 3) randomlyselected within firms75% response rate 2006: 23000 employees (private sector) + 4000 employees (public sector) selected in firms 18 month before, employees are interviewed whether they are still in the firm or not. 71% response rate A matched employer/employee survey on Organisational Change and Computerisation

3. Employer Self administered questionnaire of 6 pages in the private sector, specific questionnaire in the public sector Strategy and environment (part A) Managerial tools and ICT use ‘today’ and ‘in 2003’ (parts B to G) Remaining questions of the European module on ICT (partie H) Employees Phone or face to face interview 40 mn on average, 10 mn when exit Time schedule and IT use Localisation of work and relations with co-workers Responsibility, help, autonomy Work rhythm, ICT use at home Competences and training Pay scheme and evaluation Changes within the firm and working life Questionnaires in COI 2006

4. A survey to open the black box of the firm • Collect a much richer set of information- advantage of surveys compared to registered data - a challenge for analyses • A better knowledge of the observed unit • break with firm = employer = respondent • describe the firm as a collective entity • observe interactions between firms and workers • Work on the complementarity of the two levels - different classes of indicators at each level - similar question allow for confrontation • Add registered data to survey data

5. Employer Questions with an intensity scale to describe the situation of the firms at the date of the survey Identical questions asked at two dates : today and 3 years before Opened synthetic question to characterise with a few words the main change that has occurred over the past 3 years A small number of questions with quantitative answers Employees: Objective description of the work situation at the date of the interview Dynamic questions on the perception of changes in the work environment over the past 3 years Retrospective questions on the starting date of computer use, supervising responsibilities etc. Subjective questions on well being at work Employer and employee level information in COI

6. Enrich the analysis of employers: Is one employee enough? • The employer can be described with information from the employee • In COI small sample of employees: between 2 and 15 in 2006 randomly selected and interviewed in the context of their homes • Mairesse and Greenan (1999) show that firm level indicators can be- constructed by averaging employee level information - used in firm level regressions - classical error in variables model with a random sampling error

7. Enrich the analysis of employers: what do management tools do?

8. Enrich the analysis of employees • Enrich the analysis of employee behaviour by contextual information about the employer • When samples of employees are big enough (over 20) as well as sample of employers (over 15-20), multilevel analysis is possible, which specifies the interactions between the structure and the individual • It is not the case in COI at the firm level, but other clusters than the firm can be considered • However, the richness of the employer level data and the fact that information about change is collected allows for a wide range of analysis

9. Enrich the analysis of employees:The example of training practices

10. Confront: is occupation a hard fact? Convergence of the socio-occupational category codes from occupation titles given by employer and employee Source: COI survey, 1997, employer section (Sessi, Scees) and employee section (Dares).

11. Integrate qualitative and quantitative analysis • Fielwork has been conducted at employers while the survey was designed to identify new organisational practices and new ICT • Interviewed employees are asked whether they agree to be contacted again by a researcher, about 30% give a positive answer • This opens possibilities to integrate quantitative and qualitative analysis • In the future, “insider econometrics”?

12. Conclusion: a Research Infrastructure • To identify the cluster of organisational changes that are favourable to performance, innovation and growth • And to analyse at the same time their consequences on vulnerable populations (aged, unskilled, low wages, precarious) and on employee outcomes (well being at work, work sustainability, competence building)