Y ou CAN SPEAK English BETTER.

1. You CAN SPEAK English BETTER. Gary Kirkpatrick Learning Advisor Nihon Fukushi University

2. Can you speak better English? There is no royal road to Learning [1824 Emerson Journal (1961) II. 268] a language! [2010 Gary Kirkpatrick]

3. Speaking: How to say it clearly. • Is pronunciation important? Yes BUT • Speaking clearly is more than just pronouncing every word correctly. • Prosody - stress and intonation.

4. Speaking: How to say it clearly. • Listen: • Pronunciation? • Good • Understandable? • So so! • Why?

5. Speaking: How to say it clearly. • Because there are more important things than pronunciation! • Don’t tell your English teacher! • But it is true!

6. Speaking: How to say it clearly. • ‘Stress, rhythm, intonation and pausing have the strongest effect’ on native speakers when they listen to non-native speaker’s English. • So you don’t have to say each word perfectly to be understood.

7. Speaking: How to say it clearly. • Speak the Content Words clearly. • Content words????? • Words with the most important information! • You also need to stress them! • This kind of stress?

8. Speaking: How to say it clearly. Yadakonooyaji! What’s with this old guy! How to stress a word. • A. increase the volume I LOVEAya. • B. change the pitch I LOVEAya. • C. make it longer I LOOOOOVE Aya.

9. Speaking: How to say it clearly. Content Words - stressed • Nouns ex. Aya • (most) principal verbs ex. love • Adjectives ex. beautiful • Adverbs ex. forever Help! This old guy is bugging me!

10. Speaking: How to say it clearly. Function Words - Don’t stress • Determiners ex. the, a, some • Auxiliary verbs ex. am, can, were • Prepositions ex. before, next to • Conjunctions ex. as, and, but • Pronouns ex. I, they, he, we • Unless they are important! I love Ayamore than Mr. Go.

11. Speaking: How to say it clearly. • Listening: Listen to the two sentences. • A. • B. • What do you think? Hmmmm B

12. Speaking: How to say it clearly. Now listen again and read: • A. When I got/ /up I had a sore throat and I thought/ /I must have/ /slept on my back and snored/ /all night. • B. When I got up/ /I had a sore throat/ / and I thought/ /I must have slept on my back/ /and snored all night. Timing!

13. Speaking: How to say it clearly. • Timing? • How fast or slow you speak. • We use pauses/ /like stress/ /to show//whatis important. I/ /love Aya.

14. Speaking: How to say it clearly. • Listening test. • A. (No pauses.) • Okay? No? Listen again! • B. (Pauses.) • Much better!

15. Speaking: How to say it clearly. • Where to pause? • Stress and pauses - found at ‘syntactic constituent boundaries’ • Pause at the end of an important piece of information. • Once again. Please stand up/ /, turn to the left/ /, and smile / /at the person on your left.

16. You can speak better English! Let’s practice: Please repeat. I PROMISE/ /to do my BEst/ /to become a BETTER English speaker. I WIIILL practice speaking English using STRESS/ /and PAUSES/ /so I will be BETTER understood. I will ALWAYS lOVeAya. Sigh

17. You can speak better English! • How can I practice? • Here are some great home pages you can use to practice using English and prosody.

18. You can speak better English! www.englishcentral.com

19. You can speak better English! https://smart.fm/

20. You can speak better English! www.FACEBOOK.com Also check out my suggestions in the brochure!

21. You can speak better English! Let me ask you again. Can you speak better English? The answer is… Yes, of course! But it will take TIME, EFFORT and a REAL desire to communicate WELL in English! Yes, you can! ByViolentz

22. You will speak better English! Where there is a will, there is a way. This is you!

23. You will speak better English! Thank you. Good luck!

24. You will speak better English! References One: Anderson-Hsieh, J., Johnson R., & Koehler, K. (1992). The relationship between native speaker judgments of non-native pronunciation and deviance in segmentals, prosody, and syllable structure. Language Learning, 42, 529-555. Emerson, R.W. (1824) Journal (1961) II. Pg.268 Loon, J. (Winter 2002) Improving Pronunciation of Adult ESL Students. TESL Canada Journal Vol.20, No.1, 83-88.

25. You will speak better English! • References Two: English Central Smart.FM FACEBOOK

26. You CAN SPEAK English BETTER

27. Good afternoon everyone. • Today as you can see I will talk a little about ways to improve your English speaking ability. • But..

28. there is no royal road to learning a language. It isn’t easy. • You need to study the grammar, remember lots of vocabulary and then there is the pronunciation and other prosodic features to study. • I will talk a little more about prosody today.

29. The ability to clearly pronounce words IS important. • Yes, of course BUT speaking clearly is more than pronouncing every word correctly. • You have to also remember prosody. • Prosody is the pattern of stress and intonation in a language.

30. Listen to this sentence. • When I got/ /up I had a sore throat and I thought/ /I must have/ /slept on my back and snored/ /all night. • How is the pronunciation? • Good, right?

31. Is it easy to understand? • So so! • Why?

32. Some teachers say that pronunciation is EVERYTHING! • But there are more important things than pronunciation. • Don’t tell your English teacher! But it is true!

33. A study in America asked native speakers to listen to non-native speakers speaking English. • The professors found that ‘Stress, rhythm, intonation and pausing have the strongest effect’ on native speakers when they listen to non-native speaker’s English.

34. So native English speakers don’t care if you can’t say every word perfectly. • But you need to speak the content words clearly. • What are content words? • These are the words that have the most important information!

35. You have to stress these words too! • Not this kind of stress.

36. How do you stress a word? • To stress words you need to make them sound louder than the other words. • There are three main ways to stress words.

37. First, you can increase the volume. • I LOVE Aya. • Next, you can change the pitch.

38. Pitch is when you make a part of a word sound louder. • I LOVE Aya. • Finally, you can make the word sound longer. • I LOOOOOVE Aya.

39. So you need to stress the content words • the words with the most important information. • These are some of the kinds of words that carry important information; nouns, most principal verbs, adjectives and adverbs.

40. We don’t put stress on function words. • These are words like determiners, auxiliary verbs, prepositions, conjunctions and pronouns.

41. UNLESS they are important! • For example; I love Aya MORE than Mr. Go. • The I is important in this case. • Now please listen to these two sentences.

42. A. When I got / / up I had a sore throat, and I thought / / I must have / / slept on my back and snored / / all night. • B. When I got up / / I had a sore throat, / / and I thought / / I must have slept on my back / / and snored all night.

43. What do you think? • Which one is more natural, A or B? • Yes, B. Why?

44. Now let’s try it together. • A. When I got/ /up I had a sore throat and I thought/ /I must have/ /slept on my back and snored/ /all night. • B. When I got up/ /I had a sore throat/ /and I thought/ /I must have slept on my back/ /and snored all night.

45. So what is different? • The timing!

46. Timing is how fast or slow you speak. • We use pauses/ /like stress/ /to show what/ /is important. • I/ /love Aya.

47. Now let’s have a test! • Listen and follow the instructions you hear. • A. Please stand up, turn to the left, and smile at the person on your left.

48. How was it? • Difficult to follow? • Let’s listen to B. • B. Please stand up/ /, turn to the left/ /, and smile / / at the person on your left.

49. How was it this time? • Better? • The pauses make it easier to follow, right?

50. But where to put the pause? • Pauses are usually found at ‘syntactic constituent boundaries’. • That means we pause after an important piece of information. • Once again please follow these instructions.