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AMR concept evolution to AMM. Dashi Naidoo. Presentation scope. Introduction Smart metering trends Leveraging the ability to communicate Technology and Performance Conclusion. Introduction. Communication technology evolution:
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AMR concept evolution to AMM Dashi Naidoo
Presentation scope • Introduction • Smart metering trends • Leveraging the ability to communicate • Technology and Performance • Conclusion
Introduction Communication technology evolution: • Enables affordable communication to large numbers of residential meters previously only feasible for C&I applications • Opens the potential to integrate a number of traditionally separate applications.
Smart metering Trends • Trend is to apply C&I functionality at a residential level • Higher frequency reading of meters • Increase residential Load profiling • Monitoring of Power Quality • Automatic Meter Management (AMM) / Smart metering
Smart metering Trends • Integration • Increases cost efficiency • Integration of traditional separate AMM systems, • AMR systems • Load management systems, • Revenue protection systems • Disconnection/reconnection • Prepayment
Automatic meter reading • Prime Objective: Reduce the cost of manual meter readings. • Added benefits: • Improved accuracy and reliability of the billing data. • Higher frequency of the readings • Better history to analyze consumption habits
Load Management • Prime objective: To maximise the efficiency of the network infrastructure • Most popular is implementation: • Ripple control receivers to switch off specific appliances with a change in tariff. • Load and current limiting to lower the maximum consumption at a service point.
Revenue Protection • Prime objective: Reduction of fraud, debt repayment • With the link to the meter, revenue protection functionality becomes feasible in the following ways: • Real time tamper detection • Real time consumption reconciliation between the substation and residences • Remote disconnection and reconnection • Token less prepayment
Technology and performance • Upfront capital and installation cost • There is no network installation cost for GPRS (hardware and labor). • The GPRS modems is more expensive than a PLC or RF module • PLC and RF networks require 5%-10% clean-up and revisit of installed meters • GRPS requires 1% revisit and clean-up
Technology and performance • Operational cost • PLC and RF • Utility owns the network, • Communication is free, • Maintenance and monitoring is expensive and to achieve reliable communication to all meters requires experience and expertise. • GPRS • Utilizes experienced mobile phone network operators, who will maintain infrastructure and manage disaster recovery.
Technology and performance • Performance • There are significant performance differences between the technology options as they exist today. • GPRS and RF are better suited for • Higher level of Smart metering functionality (Load Management) • Low density installed base (bad payers) • PLC is attractive when • The supply network is established and reliable • The performance expectation is lower. • High density installations
Conclusion • The potential owners of these systems needs to decide • What Smart metering can do for them, practically and commercially. • What level of integration bring cost efficient solutions • What communications technology is best suited from an installation, capital and operational maintenance point of view