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MLA Format

MLA Format. Adapted from ppt created byCatherine Wishart ,. What is MLA?. MLA stands for Modern Language Association Provides guidelines for preparing student research papers and projects and scholarly manuscripts in the humanities .

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MLA Format

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  1. MLA Format Adapted from ppt created byCatherineWishart,

  2. What is MLA? MLA stands for Modern Language Association Provides guidelines for preparing student research papers and projects and scholarly manuscripts in the humanities. “MLA style” refers to a system of citing research sources.

  3. General Format • Paper must be typed on standard white paper. • Text of paper must be double-spaced, including the heading. • Margins are set at 1 inch for left, right, top, and bottom • There must be a header on the right side that has the writer’s last name and the page number.

  4. Heading and Title Name 1 Stephen Drew Mrs. Wishart ENG 102.401 30 October 2011 Edgar Allen Poe’s Manipulations in “The Cask of Amontillado” and “The Tell-Tale Heart” Edgar Allen Poe is renowned for his spooky tales and haunting plotlines. One of the reasons that his stories work so well is the manner in which Poe layers manipulation into his tales. Throughout his works, including “The Cask of Note: header to the right This is the correct order for information The title of published stories are in quotation marks, but not the title of the paper

  5. In-Text Citations • MLA uses parenthetical citation (information about the source inside parentheses). • Work the citation into a sentence that contains some of your own words. Quotations should be integrated, not just dropped into the paper. • Example: Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263). Note that the period is inserted after the last parenthesis, not after the quotation mark.

  6. Why Should I Cite? Citing identifies and credits sources used in a research paper or project, acknowledging their role in shaping your research. This also allows others to follow-up on or retrieve this material. When you borrow from other sources to support your argument or research you must give proper credit. By crediting your sources, you avoid plagiarism. If you do not cite a source, you are guilty of plagiarism. Plagiarism is a form of cheating or stealing. It is the unacknowledged use or appropriation of another person’s words or ideas.

  7. When Should I Cite? Many students plagiarize unintentionally. Remember, whenever yousummarize, paraphrase or quoteanother author's material you must properly credit your source. If you are using another person’s idea, you must also cite your source!

  8. Summary, Paraphrase, Quote • A summary (aka ‘abstract’) briefly captures the main ideas of your source • A paraphrase is a restatement of the text of your source in your own words • Quotations can be direct (using quotation marks) or indirect (no quotation marks and often introduced by ‘that’) • A noted scientist states, “A hundred years ago, the average temperature of the earth was about 13.7°C (56.5°F); today, it is closer to 14.4°C (57.9°F)” (Silver 11). • A noted scientist observes that the earth’s current average temperature is 57.9°F compared to 56.5°F a hundred years ago (Silver 11).

  9. How Do I Cite? There are two parts to citing according to MLA style: 1.Brief In-text citations(in parentheses) within the body of your essay or paper 2. List of full citations in the Works Cited page at the end of your paper Note: References cited in the text must appear in the Works Cited. Conversely, each entry in the Works Cited mustbe cited in the text.

  10. In-Text Citations Place the parenthetical reference at the end of the sentence before the punctuation mark. The average world temperature is rising at an alarming rate of 200 degrees Celsius per year (Polar 188). You must provide information that will allow the reader to locate exactly where you found information in your sources. Usually this is the author's last name and a page number, for example: (Polar 188)

  11. In-Text Citations, Continued If you use an author's name in a sentence (known as a “signal phrase”), do not use it again in the parenthetical citation. Simply give the page numbers: • Polar argues that global warming will heat our oceans…(122). If there is no known author, use the title and page number in your citation: • A single car trip from Los Angeles to San Francisco produces more pollution than a tree does in its entire lifetime (Save My Greenhouse 47).

  12. In-Text Citations-Electronic Sources If possible, electronic and online sources are cited just like print resources in parenthetical references. Often electronic resources will not have page numbers. In these cases omit numbers from the parenthetical reference: (Smith) – the author’s last name (“Bovine Flatulence A Major Source of Greenhouse Gases”) – if no author

  13. Internet Sources What Should Be Included? Author(s), if available: Title of the document. Title of scholarly project, database, periodical, or website. Date electronic publication was last updated. Name of the organization sponsoring or associated with the site. Format descriptor. Date when you accessed the source. “Global Warming.” Stanford Solar Center. 2008. Stanford University. Web. 4 Apr. 2010

  14. Websites Climate Change. 24 Jul 2008. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Web. 4 Apr. 2010. “Global Warming.”Stanford Solar Center. 2008. Stanford University. Web. 4 Apr. 2010. Date accessed Abbreviate the month Date source was last updated

  15. Electronic Articles Journal: Laurance, William F. "Can Carbon Trading Save Vanishing Forests?" Bioscience 58.4 (2008): 286-87. ProQuest. Web. 4 Apr. 2010. Database, italicized Access date Volume #.Issue# (Year of publication)

  16. Electronic Articles, Continued Newspaper: Ball, Jeffrey N. “Warming Program Draws Fire; Fund Designed to Spur Renewable Energy Subsidizes Gas Plants." Wall Street Journal  [New York, N.Y.] 11  Jul 2008, Eastern edition: A.1. Web. 4 Apr. 2010. Format descriptor Place of publication is in brackets when it is not explicitly indicated in the publication itself Date of access Date article was published

  17. Multimedia sources can also be used and cited • Media sources (examples): • TV & radio broadcasts • Films & video recordings • Sound recordings • Format descriptors: • Television; Radio • Film; DVD; Video Recording • CD; Sound Recording

  18. Media SourcesWhat Should Be Included? • “Title of The Episode.” • Title of program or series. • Name(s) of director(s), performer(s), narrator(s) • Name of Network. • Call Letters and City of Station. • DD MMM. YYYY. • Format descriptor “The Yada Yada” Seinfeld Perf. Elaine Benes, George Constanza, Cosmo Kramer, and Jerry Seinfeld National Broadcasting Corp. KNBC, Los Angeles 24 Apr. 1997 Television.

  19. Works Cited Badu, Eryka. “Rimshot.”Eryka Badu Live. Universal Records. 1997. CD. The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo. Dir. Niels Arden Oplev. Perf. Noomi Rapace and Michael Nyquist. Music Box. 2009. Film. Joyce, James. Ulysses. Perf. Jim Norton and Marcella Riordan. Naxos Audiobooks. 2004. CD. “The Yada Yada.”Seinfeld. Perf. Elaine Benes, George Constanza, Cosmo Kramer, and Jerry Seinfeld. National Broadcasting Corp. KNBC, Los Angeles, 24 Apr. 1997. Television.

  20. Make Your Life Easier • For the purposes of this research paper, make sure that there is an author for all sources. If no author is listed and you want to use the source, see your instructor for assistance. • The lack of an author most often occurs when using an Internet source. • Avoid using any Internet source with an address ending in “.com” unless approved by your instructor.

  21. Citing Internet Sources • You do not need to give paragraph numbers or page numbers based on your print preview. • Do not list the URL address within the text of the paper. Instead, list the author of the source.

  22. Methods of Parenthetical Citation • The following are examples from Purdue OWL: MLA Format: • According to some, dreams express “profound aspects of personality” (Foulkes 184), though others disagree. • According to Foulkes’s study, dreams may express “profound aspects of personality” (184). • Is it possible that dreams may express “profound aspects of personality” (Foulkes 184)?

  23. Quotes of More than Four Lines • You may use only 1 or 2 such quotes in your research paper. The paper should be mainly your thoughts. Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him when she says: They entirely refused to have in bed with them, or even in their room, and I put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping it would be gone in the morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing his voice, it crept into Mr. Earnshaw’s door, and there he found it on his quitting chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got there; I was obliged to confess, and in recompense for my cowardice and inhumanity was sent out of the house. (Bronte 78) Note placement of period with quote, lack of quotation marks, and lack of punctuation after the parenthesis.

  24. Works Cited • Begins on a separate page and is labeled Words Cited (no italics or quotation marks). • Double space, but do not skip spaces between entries. • Indent the second and subsequent lines five spaces. • List page numbers only when needed. • Determine the Medium of Publication. Most will be print or web sources.

  25. Works Cited • Basic Format: Last name, First name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication. • Work from an Anthology: Last name, First name. “Title of Story.”Title of Anthology. Ed. Editor’s Name. Place of Publication, Publisher, Year. Page range of entry. Medium. • Work from a web source: Last name, First name. Title of Source. Name of Institution publishing the source. Date source was published. Web. Date you viewed source on the web.

  26. Assistance with Works Cited • A site that is helpful in building a Works Cited page is “Easybib.” • Use of these sites is not considered plagiarism; it is considered an excellent use of resources available in the information age.

  27. Works Cited Sample Aristotle. Poetics. Ed. S. H. Butcher. The Internet Classics Archive. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Sept. 2007. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn, 2000. Print. Wysocki. Anne Frances. Writing New Media: Theory and Applications for Expanding the Teaching of Composition. Logan, UT: Utah State UP, 2004. Print.

  28. Group Practice • Write out these sources correctly: • An anthology named Literature: Approaches to Fiction, Poetry and Drama. The editor is Robert DiYanni. It is published by McGraw Hill in 2008. The story you have cited is “The Rocking Horse Winner” by D. H. Lawrence, who was born in 1885 and died in 1930. The pages the story appear on are from page 100 to 110.

  29. Source Used for This PowerPoint • The Purdue OWL. Purdue U Writing Lab, 2010. Web. 4 Oct. 2011.

  30. If you come across anything not mentioned in this presentation or need further information, consult the MLA Handbook in the library! Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 7th ed. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2009. Print. Trimmer, Joseph F. A Guide to MLA Documentation: with an Appendix to APA Style. 8th ed. Boston: Wadsworth, 2010. Print.

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