RELATIVE PRONOUNS

1. RELATIVE PRONOUNS

2. What is a relative pronoun? • A pronoun that introduces a subordinate clause and connects that clause with some preceding noun or pronoun. • The relative pronoun relates or refers a descriptive phrase to a noun or pronoun.

3. IN ENGLISH • WHO Refers to persons • WHICH Refers to things • THAT Refers to both • WHAT

4. Exempli Gratia • The boywho lives next door, collects stamps. • The word boy is the antecedent or the word which is being described or referred to in the clause. • Who is the pronoun that relates or refers the antecedent to the subordinate or descriptive clause.

5. NB: The subordinate clause acts like an adjective. It describes the antecedent. • In English, which and that do not change form to indicate case. But, who does: • nominative (subject) - who • possessive - whose • objective - whom These forms are used for both singular and plural.

6. Plurum exemplorum gratia • I saw the queenwhorules Britain. • The boywhosebook I have is our friend. • You saw the manto whomI gave the book. • The townthathe saw was small. • The schoolsfromwhichwe came were large. • Enemies were the menwithwhomyou used to battle.

7. IN LATINSINGULAR

8. PLURAL

9. ANTECEDENTPRONOUNCLAUSE • The relative pronoun agrees with the antecedent in gender and number, but the case of the relative pronoun depends on its use in the subordinate clause

10. EXEMPLI GRATIA • I saw the queenwhorules Britain. Vidi reginamquaeBrittaniam regit. • The boywhosebook I have is our friend. Puercuiuslibrum habeo est amicus noster. • You saw the manto whomI gave the book. Virumcuilibrum dedi vidisti.

11. The townthathe saw was small. Oppidumquodvidit erat parvum. • The schoolsfromwhichwe came were large. Ludiexquibusvenimus erant magni. • Enemies were the menwithwhomyou used to battle. Inimici erant viriquibuscumpugnabatis.