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ECE5320 Mechatronics Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Solenoid Valves

ECE5320 Mechatronics Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Solenoid Valves. Prepared by: Camron Seamons cbs@cc.usu.edu Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University. 3/9/2007. Outline . Reference list To probe further Major applications

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ECE5320 Mechatronics Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Solenoid Valves

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  1. ECE5320 MechatronicsAssignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Solenoid Valves Prepared by: Camron Seamons cbs@cc.usu.edu Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University 3/9/2007

  2. Outline • Reference list • To probe further • Major applications • Basic working principle illustrated • A typical sample configuration in application (application notes) • Major specifications • Limitations • And many more relevant issues in applications (such as, how to choose, cost information, where to buy etc.) ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  3. Reference list • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve • http://mechatronics.mech.northwestern.edu/design_ref/actuators/solenoids.html • http://www.ascovalve.com/Common/PDFFiles/Product/8030_2.01.pdf ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  4. To explore further (survival pointers of web references etc) • http://wolfstone.halloweenhost.com/Pneumatics/pnuvlv_SolenoidValves.html#General ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  5. Major applications • Pneumatics • Hydraulics • Irrigation • Oil and gas industry • Food and beverage industry • Factory Automation • Automotive Industry http://lrnelson.com/ http://www.ichibanhydraulics.com/chevy57.html ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  6. Basic Working Principle A solenoid is simply a specially designed electromagnet. A solenoid usually consists of a coil and a movable iron core called the armature. When current flows through the coil, a magnetic field is set up around the coil. When the coil is energized with current, the core moves to increase the flux linkage by closing the air gap between the cores. http://mechatronics.mech.northwestern.edu/design_ref/actuators/solenoids.html ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  7. Basic Working Principle (cont.) The spring in the figure on the previous slide is used to return the movable core to its original position once the coil is de-energized. The force generated is approximately proportional to the square of the current and inversely proportional to the square of the length of the air gap. Solenoids are for simple on-off applications. Solenoid valves are just one use for solenoids. In Solenoid valves, the solenoid is used to move a plunger opening and closing the valve body. Plunger Solenoid Valve Body http://www.ascovalve.com/Common/PDFFiles/Product/8030_2.01.pdf ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  8. Basic Working Principle (cont.) There are some solenoid valves where the solenoid controls a secondary valve and it is the pressure of the fluid itself which provides the power for the actuation of the main valve. As a result, these types of valves use very little electrical power to operate. The diagram to the right shows the design of one such valve. These types of valves are commonly used in washing machines, lawn sprinkler system, and other similar uses. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  9. Typical Configuration ExampleLawn Sprinkler System Standard American Wall Outlet Solenoid Valves System Timer http://www.rainbird.com/DIY/design/installguide.htm ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  10. Typical Configuration ExampleLawn Sprinkler System The diagram on the previous slide shows the basic wiring configuration of a lawn sprinkler system. The timer controls each valve energizing each solenoid at the correct time. The timer also controls the irrigation pump which has been omitted from the diagram. These times are set by the user to achieve the desired watering time. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  11. Major Specifications • Solenoid valves vary in size. They range from ⅛ of an inch up almost 1 foot in diameter. • DC and AC solenoids are available in voltage ranges from 5VDC to 225VAC. • Valves can be purchased to handle liquids, gases, or both. • Diaphragm type valves require a differential pressure to stay open which in turn requires less power consumption by the solenoid. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  12. Limitations • Cost. Solenoid valves can be hundreds of dollars for some applications. (explained further on cost information slide) • Because of the electromagnetic forces behind solenoids, when turning off solenoids a back EMF must be accounted for in order to protect delicate control circuitry. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  13. Limitations (cont.) • Some valves require lubrication in order to retain a tight internal seal. • Diaphragm type valves, such as sprinkler system valves, require a differential pressure in order to remain open. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  14. How to Choose • What type of fluid will the valve control? Solenoid valves can be purchased to control hot and cold liquids and gases. • What type of solenoid do you need? Solenoid valves can be purchased to run on any common DC and AC current and voltage. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  15. How to Choose (cont.) • Because of the electromagnetic nature of a solenoid, protection circuitry must be considered to protect any delicate control circuitry from the back EMF returned by the solenoid when the solenoid control signal is turned off. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  16. Cost Information • Typical sprinkler system valves can cost as little $10. • Valves which will control gases, in pneumatic applications, can cost as much as $500 and possibly more. • Custom made solenoid valves will most definitely cost more and take longer to receive. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  17. Where to Purchase • GlobalSpec.com • Grainger.com • ThomasNet.com • Most solenoid valve manufacturers will sell them to individual buyers • Local hardware stores and sprinkler supply stores carry a limited assortment • Companies that sell hydraulic/pneumatic supplies ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

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