O FFICE OF THE P ROVOST C ALIFORNIA S TATE P OLYTECHNIC U NIVERSITY, P OMONA

1. The US was the most educated nation in • the world; now we’re average. • Californians ages 22-34 are the first • generation less educated than their parents. • Goal set by President Obama: • By 2020, America will once again have the highest proportion of college graduates in the world OFFICE OF THE PROVOSTCALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA

2. Encyclopedia Britannica - Founded in 1768; English print edition is 32 volumes, with 64,000 articles, by 4,300contributors Wikipedia - Edited by anyone. 78 million readers in U.S., 365 million worldwide, each month in 250+ languages. 3,500,000 articles in English, 22,000,000 pages. Started 2001,staff of 30, and a non-profit. OFFICE OF THE PROVOSTCALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA

3. Accuracy of Entries - Nature, December 2005 Encyclopedia Brittanica: 3errors per entry Wikipedia: 4 errors per entry After 244 years, Encyclopedia Britannica stopped publishing its 32-volume print edition on March13, 2012. OFFICE OF THE PROVOSTCALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA

4. Consider the impact of rapid change On journalism… Newsweek On the music business… Tower Records On the photography business…Kodak On video sales… Blockbuster On book publishing/selling… Borders OFFICE OF THEPROVOSTCALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA

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6. Public Opinion Six out of ten Americans in 2010 said that colleges today operate more like a business, focused more on the bottom line, than on the educational experience of students. - Survey, Public Agenda and the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education The number of people who feel this way is increasing. We’re losing the perception battle, resulting in “solutions” like: OFFICE OF THE PROVOSTCALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA

7. The $10,000 DegreeIt’s hard to get, but it looks good electorally OFFICE OF THE PROVOSTCALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA One school: Texas A&M San Antonio Must begin with 2+2 dual-enrollment in high school Major in IT and Security Earn 27 credits at community college Earn 36 credits at Texas A&M San Antonio

8. Our Educational Paradigm • Higher education is a set of cross-subsidies: • Graduate education subsidized by undergraduate • Upper division subsidized by lower division courses. • - Jane Wellman, Delta Projecthttp://www.deltacostproject.org/ OFFICE OF THE PROVOSTCALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA

9. Credit Hour Distribution and Average Instructional Costs Public-four Year Averages, 4-state study (SUNY, Florida, Ohio, Illinois) % of all credits % spent instruction average cost/credit Lower Division 36%23%1.00 Upper Division 48% 44%1.42 Masters12%23%2.88 Doctoral4% 9% 4.00 1.55 - Courtesy of Jane Wellman, SHEEO 2010 OFFICE OF THE PROVOSTCALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA

10. OFFICE OF THE PROVOSTCALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA Source: NCES, BPS, undergraduates only

11. Is Disruption Coming? - Clayton Christensen Disruption comes from cheaper and simpler technologies, maybe initially of lower quality. Over time, the simpler and cheaper technology improves to a point that it displaces the incumbent. Christensen argues that technology, and especially the on-line course, is a disruptive force. OFFICE OF THE PROVOSTCALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA

12. “…the choice for higher education during this critical juncture is reinvention or extinction.” E. Gordon GeeOhio State University OFFICE OF THE PROVOSTCALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA

13. We are vulnerable to disruption • The vultures are circling • Outside players • Other instructional models • Flipped courses • Khan Academy, edX • MOOC’s • Threats to the credential OFFICE OF THE PROVOSTCALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA

14. Venture Capitalists OFFICE OF THE PROVOSTCALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA • New Start-Ups: • Udacity • Udemy • University Now • Coursebook • Coursekit • Courseload • CourseRank http://chronicle.com/article/ A-Boom-Time-for-Education/131229/

15. UDACITY Revenue Model • Free services: • Courses • Assessments • Certificates • Paid services: • Additional tutoring • Authenticated certificates • Staff searches • The arithmetic: • 100 X $50,000 = $500,000 • Students Starting salary • 20% search commission $100,000 OFFICE OF THE PROVOSTCALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA

16. edX (http://www.edxonline.org/) Harvard and MIT: investing $60 million. “…offer online learning to millions of people around the world for free.” No university credit but possibly certificates. – San Jose State Coursera(https://www.coursera.org/) Stanford, Michigan, Princeton, the University of Pennsylvania (and now 12 more) “We offer high quality courses, from the top universities, for free, to everyone.” “…wide range of courses from our partner institutions, spanning the humanities to engineering.” 111 courses this fall OFFICE OF THE PROVOSTCALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA

17. Threats to the Credential • Free Degrees (MITx, etc.) • Badges (Kahn Academy, etc.) • Certifications (CLA • and Straighter Line) OFFICE OF THE PROVOSTCALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA

18. Disruption from the Top and the Bottom OFFICE OF THE PROVOSTCALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA “Brand” schools; Open courses, famous faculty Here’s us Squeezed out of professional programs Losing lower division enrollments Low-cost providers of general education courses

19. How can we remain true to our mission? • Access, affordability • Critical thinking • Ethics, social responsibility, engagement, citizenry • Learn by doing OFFICE OF THE PROVOSTCALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA

20. OFFICE OF THE PROVOSTCALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA Where Do We Go From Here?

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22. The Pony Express operated from St. Joseph, Mo. to Sacramento, Ca. a distance of 1,900 miles. Stations were set up every 10 miles (as far as a horse can gallop) Riders were changed every 60 to 100 miles. The Pony Express reduced letter delivery times from 24 to 10 days! OFFICE OF THE PROVOSTCALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA

23. The Pony Express began service on April 3, 1860 and ended operations on October 26, 1861 [only19 months later]. Why? The transcontinental telegraph was completed on October 24, 1861! OFFICE OF THE PROVOSTCALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA

24. It is not the strongest of the species that survives, northe most intelligent. It is the one that is the most adaptable to change. - Incorrectly attributed to Charles Darwin but apropos nonetheless OFFICE OF THE PROVOSTCALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA