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Using Research to Influence Young Driver Licensing Policy: North Carolina & Beyond Robert Foss, Ph.D.

Using Research to Influence Young Driver Licensing Policy: North Carolina & Beyond Robert Foss, Ph.D. Director, Center for the Study of Young Drivers University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill. University-based Child and Family Policy Consortium October 15, 2012. The Issue.

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Using Research to Influence Young Driver Licensing Policy: North Carolina & Beyond Robert Foss, Ph.D.

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  1. Using Research to Influence Young Driver Licensing Policy: North Carolina & BeyondRobert Foss, Ph.D.

    Director, Center for the Study of Young Drivers University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill University-based Child and Family Policy Consortium October 15, 2012
  2. The Issue Teen driver crash rate high One proven effective intervention - GDL Based on evidence about several related phenomena Teenage crash causes Human learning, cultural values Parental behavior Organizational behavior Political process Many state GDL’s can still be improved
  3. Some data Selected specifically to support various arguments regarding the need for a policy (change).
  4. Leading Cause of DeathUnited States, Ages 15 - 17 39% Source: CDC, 2009
  5. Victim role in teen driver (15-17) fatal crashes - U.S.,1998 - 2007 U.S. 1998 - 2007
  6. Child MV Occupant Fatalities by Age – U.S. Age CDC WISQARS: 2002-06
  7. Crash Rates by Driver Age Driver crash involvements per 1,000 population Source: A.F. Williams, Journal of Safety Research 34 (2003) 5-15
  8. Crash Rates by Driver Age Driver crash involvements per 1,000 licensed drivers Source: A.F. Williams, Journal of Safety Research 34 (2003) 5-15
  9. Crash Rates by Driver Age Driver crash involvements per million miles traveled Source: A.F. Williams, Journal of Safety Research 34 (2003) 5-15
  10. Crash rate by months licensed, teens in 3 states (standardized) Source: Foss et al, 2011
  11. Learning Curve
  12. Crash rate by months licensed, teens in states (standardized) Source: Foss et al, 2011
  13. Crash rate by months licensed, teens in states (standardized) Source: Foss et al, 2011
  14. Standardized crash rates per licensed driver - NC Driver’s contributing behavior
  15. Standardized crash rates per licensed driver - NC Driver’s contributing behavior
  16. Standardized crash rates per licensed driver Driver’s contributing behavior
  17. Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) The Principle: Maximize Experience Minimize Risks Among all novice drivers
  18. 1st Stage - Learner Permit Supervised driving only (12 mo.) 2nd Stage - Intermediate (6 mo.) Night driving restriction (9 p.m. – 5 a.m.) Passenger restriction (1 teen passenger) 3rd Stage Full License (until age 18) Belt use for all occupants, all stages Prohibit cell phone use, all stages GDL system should include:
  19. Crash Rate Ratios for 16 & 17 year-olds vs. 25-54 year-old, NC 1991-2003 16 17 GDL 38% 20%
  20. Translating research into policy Only marginally about science Power politics Know the process Find the power, use it Get involved directly To ensure substance isn’t lost in the political horse-trading
  21. Frame the issue carefully Frame issue for public / policy-makers Distill to simple, concise message Use visual data displays, minimize numbers
  22. Frame the issue carefully Story, narrative, parable, analogy convey message better than data Present story first, data (just a little) to support Control the message by being first Undercut opposing arguments before they’re raised Use news media to pressure policy-makers Visit the Frameworks Institute http://sfa.frameworksinstitute.org/
  23. Framing the GDL discussion Issue is child health, not driver licensing Driver Education isn’t, can’t be, the answer Teens inexperienced, not stupid or irresponsible Learning, not misbehavior, is the issue Practical experience required to learn Parents have responsibility, but … Licensing agency is responsible to help GDL supports parents, parents love GDL Everyone is at risk, so it’s societal/policy issue
  24. Questions? Comments?
  25. First crash rate, by months licensed Ages 16-21 North Carolina (pre-GDL) Source: Masten & Foss, 2010
  26. Risky Driving Conditions: Nighttime & Multiple young passengers
  27. Driver Death Rate* by Number of Passengers and Driver Age/Experience *per 10 million trips Source: Chen et al., JAMA, 2000.
  28. 16 & 17 Year-old Driver Death Rate*by Time and Presence of Passengers *per 10 million trips Source: Chen et al., JAMA, 2000
  29. Crashes per months licensed Victoria, Australia (License age 18) Months
  30. GDL Evidence 30+ U.S. studies now show GDL benefits 20-40% crash reduction for 16 yr-olds 0-20% for 17 yr-olds Long-term effect in NC ~ 10% Parents strongly approve Teens approve as well More comprehensive greater effect Most state GDLs still weak
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