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Rods vs. Cones: Understanding Visual Circuits and Pathways

Explore the differences between rods and cones in visual processing. Rods exhibit a large current change with a single photon, while cones have a smaller change compared to noise. Cones adapt better to high illumination, while rods synapse onto rod bipolar cells and converge onto amacrine cells in a circuit. In contrast, cones connect with cone bipolar cells and midget ganglion cells, providing high acuity in the fovea.

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Rods vs. Cones: Understanding Visual Circuits and Pathways

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  1. Rods vs cones • Rods - large current change with a single photon • Cones - smaller current change, compared to noise.

  2. Rods vs cones • Cones do not saturate at high illumination. • Cones adapt more to high illumination than rods

  3. circuits • Rods and cones can transmit to the same ganglion cell. • Rods synapse onto rod bipolar cells • Rod bipolar cells synapse onto amacrine cells • Amacrine cells onto cone bipolar cells • Cone bipolar cells synapse onto ganglion cells • This is a convergent pathway, lots of rods converge onto a rod bipolar cell, lots of rod bipolar cells converge onto an amacrine cell.

  4. Circuits • Cone system is less convergent • Single cone in central retina --> one cone bipolar cell • --> midget ganglion cell

  5. Circuits • Convergent rod system is a sensitive detector of light • Less convergent cone system maximizes acuity (resolution)

  6. fovea

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