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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece . Part II. ´Classical´ Period. - 333 BC ´Golden Age´ of Greece (Athens) More or less functioning participatory democracy in Athens (and elsewhere) Wars (Persia, Peloponessos) and internal struggles (demagogy) but nonetheless:

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Ancient Greece

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  1. Ancient Greece Part II

  2. ´Classical´ Period • - 333 BC ´Golden Age´ of Greece (Athens) More or less functioning participatory democracy in Athens (and elsewhere) Wars (Persia, Peloponessos) and internal struggles (demagogy) but nonetheless: Wealth creating culture at an unprecedented height.

  3. Philosophy & Science • First attempts at philosphy (´pre-socractic´, ca. 600 – 400) evolve into systematic philosophical systems of Plato and Aristotle • Mesopotamian Mathematics (Pythagoras) almost perfectioned and succesfully applied to physics; start of modern medicine (Hippocrates)

  4. Art & Architecture • Static Archaic statues evolve into dynamic classical ones • Perfect harmony – of the body in statues, of measures in architectue – as the ideal

  5. Literature & Theatre • Epical poetry (Homer) and Mythology (Hesiod) evolve into ´real´ history (Herodotos, Thucydides) and lyrical poetry (Sappho) • Religious festivities evolve into plays: tragedies and comedies (that are staged even now…)

  6. Panhellenism? • Greek city states more or less united in the war against Persia • But fighting each other again in the Peloponessian War • Ca.350: King Philippos II of Macedonia tries to unite the Greeks under his rule. • His son Alexander II (the Great) succeeds in doing so

  7. Empire

  8. Hellenism • Greek culture from Alexander to the conquest of the Romans (333 – 125) • Greek culture (poleis, language, philosophy) as the standard in the whole of the Middle East • Empire of Alexander divided over his Generals (rule of the Diadochs)

  9. Hellenistic Culture • Art: clasical harmony turns very baroque • Architecture: Mathematical cities • Philosphy: citizens become cosmopolitans: how should I live? instead of how should we, polites, live • Literature: birth of (trivial) romance (pastoral) • Epicenter of science and learning moves to Alexandria (Egypt): mathematics (Euclid, ca. 300 BC); physics (Archimedes, 287 – 212 BC); geography & astronomy (Ptolemy, 86-161 AD); Medicine (Galen, 129 – 200 AD)

  10. Romans • Bellicose tribe from the middle of Italy • Conquers the whole of Italy, • Adapting itself to the culture of the conquered (Etruskans, Greeks) • Then starts expanding towards Greece (125 BC) and the hellenist Middle East • Until the advent of the Islam (630 AD), Greek language and Graeco-Roman culture dominates the Mediterranean, from Spain to India

  11. Sinterklaas • Holy Niclas • 270 – 242 / 252 AD • Bishop of Lycia in Asia Minor • Probably a Hittite (a Kurd) • Defenitely speaking Greek

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