Research convergence to enable accessibility to be customised for individual users

1. Research convergence to enable accessibility to be customised for individual users Liddy NevileLa Trobe University Australia

2. Ideas … • Concepts behind AccessForAll • personal choice of adaptation • accessibility for everyone • discovery of what “I” need • interoperability • Approaches to accessibility • universal design and/or • distributed and cumulative metadata liddy@sunriseresearch.org

3. AccessForAll Accessibility • What do we want to achieve? • Flexibility with respect to resources and services so everyone can use them as they choose. • Let’s see what TILE does:http://inclusivelearning.ca/tile/ liddy@sunriseresearch.org

4. TILE E-learning environment that enables learner-centric transformation of learning content and delivery • Authoring support for transformable content and Metadata • Browser • Learning Object Repository • Learner Preference System liddy@sunriseresearch.org

8. liddy@sunriseresearch.org

9. liddy@sunriseresearch.org

10. liddy@sunriseresearch.org

11. liddy@sunriseresearch.org

12. liddy@sunriseresearch.org

13. So what’s happening? liddy@sunriseresearch.org

14. DRD metadata liddy@sunriseresearch.org

15. In fact, …… liddy@sunriseresearch.org

16. TILE is … • A centralised system • All resources are digital • All resources standards compliant • All resources are ‘atomic’ • All resources are appropriately described liddy@sunriseresearch.org

17. Digital resources (Microsoft research) liddy@sunriseresearch.org

18. Digital resources (Microsoft research) liddy@sunriseresearch.org

19. AfA definition of accessibility • the accessible relationship between the user and the resource enables the user to make sensory and cognitive contact with the content of the resource. Seehttp://www.imsglobal.org/accessibility/ liddy@sunriseresearch.org

20. Sensory needs and preferences • I can’t see now • I like Braille but screen-reading is OK • I can’t see well now • I may have an epileptic seizure if I see flashing • I read (Braille) slowly and may need extra time Note - no mention of disabilities! liddy@sunriseresearch.org

21. Relationship Descriptions • So how do we describe sensory and other accessibility needs and preferences for digital resources? • We have opted for display, control and content as the three relationships that can be affected and can change. liddy@sunriseresearch.org

22. Adapting to all devices & contexts liddy@sunriseresearch.org

23. Adaptive technologies • Some replace standard technologies and some have special requirements. • Many have features users like to use. • In addition, there may be requirements for other display characteristics, and there may be separate needs for content adjustment. liddy@sunriseresearch.org

24. Adaptive technologies • Some requirements can conflict, eg an on-screen keyboard and a ‘full-screen’ resource. • For this reason, descriptions of needs and preferences for display, control and content characteristics need to be separated. liddy@sunriseresearch.org

25. Needs and preferences • Some people can choose between several alternative resources • Some people can use only one liddy@sunriseresearch.org

26. Multiple PNPs • Descriptions of users needs and preferences (PNPs) will be used according to the context or circumstances and may differ according to the occasion. • PNPs may be personal, situational, contextual, etc. • PNPs should be stored and available any time, anywhere. liddy@sunriseresearch.org

27. Dependencies • Accessible resource components • in general this means WCAG compliance • BUT ….. • resources may be distributed • resources may be produced ‘just in time’ liddy@sunriseresearch.org

28. What else is happening? • IMS and Dublin Core and IEEE/LOM and CEN ISSS/LT and INCITS/V2 and W3C and ISO JTC1 SC …. and liddy@sunriseresearch.org

29. Metadata is … • Structured, machine-readable information about resources • (data about data) • Used when Google can’t help… • Human-input is valued • but interoperability is not implied…. • And now it might be tagging as well…. liddy@sunriseresearch.org

30. Personal Needs and Preferences (PNPs) • Display: • how resources are to be presented and structured, • Control: • how resources are to be controlled and operated, and • Content: • what supplementary or alternativeresources are to be supplied. liddy@sunriseresearch.org

31. Display preferences • Where the person can’t see text, it may need to be transformed into another mode - auditory or tactile (Braille). • Text may need to be bigger and a different colour. • Images may need to be bigger. liddy@sunriseresearch.org

32. Control preferences • Some assistive technologies effectively replace the typical mouse and keyboard combination without any adjustment • but others use technologies that require special configuration. • An on-screen keyboard will use screen space e.g. liddy@sunriseresearch.org

33. Content preferences • A dyslexic person may need additional images to avoid excessive text density • a ‘foreigner’ may need an alternative language • a eyes-busy person may need a text description of an image. liddy@sunriseresearch.org

34. Digital Resource Description (DRDs) • Display: • how the resource can be presented and structured, • Control: • how the resource can be controlled and operated, and • Content: • what supplementary or alternativeresources are supplied with the resource. liddy@sunriseresearch.org

35. Basic DRD metadata includes: • Access Mode: vision, hearing, touch, text • Access Mode Usage: informative or ornamental • Display: amenability of a resource to transformation of the display • Control: how the method of control is flexible • Alternatives: any known alternatives liddy@sunriseresearch.org

36. and, where appropriate, • Components: any parts that make up this resource (a sound file, an image, etc.) or a composite resource of which it is a part • Hazards: any dangerous characteristics • Support tools: electronic tools associated with the resource (calculator, dictionary, etc.) liddy@sunriseresearch.org

37. & DRD for alternatives also includes: • Identity of the original resource • Type: kind of alternative • Extent: extent of coverage of original resource • Detailed description of the alternative: description of itscharacteristics necessary for matching it to details of the PNP. liddy@sunriseresearch.org

38. PNP Dlfkng fg jhgj fglhk fgh Rt hrtj hlkjg hklj thkkj tt Rt grlkthklj thk thl kjrthk Rthnk tlhkk jthk rth th lrt Framework DRD PNP DRD  AfA is an approach … liddy@sunriseresearch.org

39. Resource metadata liddy@sunriseresearch.org

40. With abstract models …

41. The conversations flow … liddy@sunriseresearch.org

42. Multi-lingual/multi-cultural • Definition of languages and cultures • etc…. liddy@sunriseresearch.org

43. Accessibility of events and places, …. • Location-based • Location dependent • Location independent • What divisions? • Physical needs? • Electronic needs? liddy@sunriseresearch.org

44. Thank you! • To participate, please contact me… • Liddy@sunriseresearch.org • L.Nevile@latrobe.edu.au • Check the new standards and work at • http://dublincore.org/groups/access liddy@sunriseresearch.org