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Tang & Song China

Tang & Song China. Chinese Buddhist monk Xuanzang spreads Buddhism to Tibet. Post Han. Period of disunity Decline of Confucian bureaucracy Buddhism enters & flourishes (why?) Sui dynasty – return to dynastic imperialism / exams Brief & violent – assassinations of both main emperors.

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Tang & Song China

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  1. Tang & Song China Chinese Buddhist monk Xuanzang spreads Buddhism to Tibet

  2. Post Han • Period of disunity • Decline of Confucian bureaucracy • Buddhism enters & flourishes (why?) Sui dynasty – return to dynastic imperialism / exams • Brief & violent – assassinations of both main emperors

  3. Tang dynasty(618-907 CE) • Li Yuan secures frontiers • extends empire into Tibet, Manchuria & Vietnam – impact? • Korea a tributary kingdom • Importance of Buddhism leads to higher status for women • Chinese weapons

  4. Civil Servant system • Rulers restored Confucian imperial bureaucracy • Bureau of Censors evaluated all levels of bureaucracy • Examinations become more regular & determine rank • (examinations on Confucian works)

  5. Tang Religious issues • Tang rulers patronized Mah. Buddhist monasteries and Confucian schools • Monasteries increased to 50,000! • Monasteries untaxed; housed anyone • Resented by Daoists & Confucians • Later Emperor Wu began suppression of Buddhism & recovery of lands

  6. “The three teachings are one!” • Confucius, • Laozi, • Buddha (Zhu Xi – Neo-Confucian philosophy)

  7. Developments Tang • Grand Canal * Li Bo - poet • Commercial shipping • Early Junks • Chang’an - Capital city of 2 million! • State funded irrigation & canals • Distribution of lands to peasants • Better status for women

  8. Tang decline • Disruptions in royal family • Empress Wu • Later Emperor’s concubine issue • Confucian discontent with powerful women • A failed rebellion – An Lushan • Nomads…regional govts/warlords

  9. %

  10. Song Dynasty (960-1279) • Partial restoration of empire • Civil servants (scholar-gentry) limited milit growth; Exams continued but easier • Bureaucracy became larger & less efficient though more open to lower classes • Public welfare: clinics, retirement homes • Postal service; theater

  11. Song Developments • Gunpowder • Junks – more sophisticated • Compasses for sea navigation • Abacus • Landscape painting at height • Cartography/atlas • Astronomical clock • Paper banknotes (1st in the world)

  12. Technology, science, and engineering • Measuring distance and mechanical navigation • Mathematics and cartography • Movable type printing • Hydraulic engineering • Structural engineering and architecture • Archaeology • floating pontoon bridges

  13. later Neo-Confucianism • Hostile to outside ideas • Tradition, social hierarchy, gender distinction more rigid – Male dominance • Women – restricted to household / no education • footbinding emerges- esp. among upper class

  14. Decline & recentering & fall • Military weakness • Neighboring kingdoms demanded tribute • Chancellor Wang attempts reforms: tax, land, businesses • Govt conflict/struggle

  15. Rise of Jin Empire (Jurchens/Manchurians) • Conquered Liao • Attacked Song, capt. Kaifeng (capital) • Established “Beijing” as capital of Jin • Fought Song; forced treaty • Jin elite who moved into N. China became acculturated

  16. Southern Song (1127-1279) Retreats below the Yangtze river because of the expansion of the Jin • shipbuilding & maritime trade / permanent navy w/ catapults & gunpowder bombs • Eventually falls to the Mongols who conquer the Jin, then the Song

  17. Southern Song

  18. (Next Unit - Enter the Mongols)

  19. Korea • How did China impact? • How did Korea develop differently?

  20. Korea • China – writing, Buddhism, Confucianism, wood block printing, movable type • Diff:writing system simplified to syllabic symbols • Unified towards end of Tang • Koryo family • Friendly with Song because of fear of neighboring states (Liao)

  21. Vietnam • How did China impact? • How did Vietnam develop differently?

  22. Vietnam • Eastern part of southeast Asia: Annam & Champa (parts developed with diff. influences) • China Annam: Buddhism, Confucianism, rice • Diff: • Champa influenced by India & Malaysia through Indian Ocean trade; contrib. “champa rice” • Higher status for women – NO FOOTBINDING! • Early – tribute of Tang; later: friendly with Song

  23. Japan • How did China impact? • How did Japan develop differently?

  24. Japan • Archipelago; only 11% arable land! • China: Buddhism (Zen), Confucianism, government structure, building techniques; Mandate of Heaven • Diff: • Ceremonial emperor (tenno) • No walled cities

  25. Medieval Feudalism Western Europe Pope? King/kingdom High lords/barons Counts Knights Japan Emperor-ceremonial Shogun/shogunate Daimyo Bushi Samurai

  26. Chivalry & Bushido • What common values and expectations did these 2 codes of conduct have? • To whom did the codes apply? • Why did the codes develop?

  27. Samurai fighting the Mongols

  28. Influenced by Confucianism • 義 – Gi – Rectitude • 勇 – Yū – Courage • 仁 – Jin – Benevolence • 礼 – Rei – Respect • 誠 – Makoto or 信 - Shin– Honesty • 名誉 – Meiyo – Honor, Glory • 忠義 – Chū – Loyalty • Others that are sometimes added to these: • 孝 - Kō - Filial piety • 智 - Chi - Wisdom • 悌 - Tei - Care for the aged • -Translations from: Random House's Japanese-English, English-Japanese Dictionary

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