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Chapter 29.1. Components of the Plant Body. AP Biology Spring 2011. Plant Tissue Systems. The above ground system: Shoots Consisting of: Stems Leaves Flowers . Plant Tissue Systems. Stems:
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Chapter 29.1 Components of the Plant Body AP Biology Spring 2011
Plant Tissue Systems • The above ground system: • Shoots • Consisting of: • Stems • Leaves • Flowers
Plant Tissue Systems • Stems: • Provide support for upright growth increasing the likelihood that leaves will be able to collect sunlight needed for photosynthesis • Photosynthetic cells in leaves use the light energy to make sugars
Plant Tissue Systems • Flowers: • Attract pollinators which are often required for seed production
Plant Tissue Systems • The below ground system: • Roots • Absorb water and minerals from soil and conduct them to the shoot • They store food • Anchor and support plant
Plant Tissue Systems • Plant systems contain three different tissues • Dermal tissue systems: covers and protects the plant’s surfaces • Ground tissue: makes up the bulk of the plant body • Vascular tissue systems: contains two kinds of conducting tissues that distribute water and solutes through the plant body
Plant Tissue Systems • Plant tissues originate from meristems • Meristems: localized regions of self-perpetuating, embryonic cells, retain ability to divide
Plant Tissue Systems • Apical meristems at the tips of roots and stems is responsible for growth and elongation • Descendents of some of these cells will develop into specialized tissues of the elongating root and stem • Primary growth: growth originating at root and shoot tip
Plant Tissue Systems • Lateral meristem tissues are responsible for the increase in diameter of older roots and stems • Called secondary growth
Eudicots and Monocots • Cotyledons: seed leaves, leaf-like structures that form inside seeds as part of the pant embryo • Store or absorb food • After seed germinates, they wither, and new leaves start to make food by photosynthesis
Eudicots and Monocots • Monocots: have one cotyledon • Include grasses, lilies, irises, palms • Usually three floral parts (or multiples of three) • Leaf veins usually running parallel with one another • One pore or furrow in the pollen grain surface • Vascular bundles distributed throughout ground tissue
Eudicots and Monocots • Eudicots: have two cotyledons • True dicots • Include common trees and shrubs, except conifers • Usually 4 or 5 floral parts (or multiples of 4 or 5) • Leaf veins usually in a netlike array • Three pores or furrows on pollen grain surface • Vascular bundles organized as a ring in ground tissue
Eudicots and Monocots • Refer to page 495 figure 29.4 for a comparison