16-4 The Atlantic Slave Trade

1. 16-4 The Atlantic Slave Trade

2. Setting the Stage North America was being colonized by the English. Life in the Southern Colonies, Brazil, and Caribbean required African slaves to work the land.

3. Causes of African Slavery Native Americans dying from disease in North America  Portuguese in Africa viewed slavery as a way to riches  Africans had been exposed to European diseases – built up immunity

4. Causes of African Slavery  African not likely to escape (to where?)  Skin color made slaves easier to catch Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

5. The Slave Trade • Existed in Africa before the coming of the Europeans. • Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans. •  Sugar cane & sugar plantations. •  First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518. • -> 275,000 enslaved Africans exportedto other countries. • Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.

6. Slave Ship “Middle Passage”

7. The Spread of Slavery 1. The buying & selling of Africans became known as the Atlantic Slave Trade 2. Eventually, England dominates the slave trade  13 colonies 3. Some African rulers captured Africans and sold them  for gold, guns, other goods

8. 13 English Colonies

9. The Triangular Trade • Europe  goods to W. Africa • Africa  slaves to West Indies • West Indies  slaves to Southern Colonies  molasses to N. England colonies • New England colonies  Rum to Great Britain

10. The Triangular Trade

11. The Middle Passage • The middle leg of the trans-Atlantic trade triangle •  Africans packed like sardines in dark hold •  Whippings •  Disease •  Suicide by drowning • 2. 20% of Africans on each ship died

12. “Coffin” Position Below Deck

13. African CaptivesThrown Overboard Sharks followed the slave ships!

14. Slavery in the Americas • A harsh life •  auctioned to the highest bidder •  field slaves – domestic slaves •  long days – suffered beatings •  lifelong condition - hereditary

15. Slave Auction

16. Field Slaves

17. Activity • Reading

18. Leg shackles

19. Wrist shackles

20. Shackles for a small child’s wrists (bound together)

23. Slave collars

25. Resistance & Rebellion • Slaves develop their own way of life •  to keep their heritage alive •  Musical traditions •  stories to pass down

26. Rebellion • 1522: Slave Revolt in Hispaniola • 2. 1739: Stono Rebellion in South Carolina • 3. 1831: Nat Turner’s Revolt in Virginia • 4. 1830s-1850s: The Underground Railroad • 5. 1859: John Brown’s Raid in Harper’s Ferry

28. The Underground Railroad

29. John Brown’s Raid

30. Consequences of Slave Trade • African families torn apart • 2. Introduced guns to Africa • 3. Slave labor contributed to growth of America • 4. Art, music, religion, and food has influenced American society • 5. Many nations in Western Hemisphere have mixed race population