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Antimicrobial Drugs

Antimicrobial Drugs. Chapter 20. I. Chemotherapeutics. A. History Paul Ehrlich Structural analogues 1935: Domagk. B. General types of chemotherapeutics. 1. Structural analogues competitive inhibitors growth factors. 2. Antibiotics.

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Antimicrobial Drugs

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  1. Antimicrobial Drugs Chapter 20

  2. I. Chemotherapeutics • A. History • Paul Ehrlich • Structural analogues • 1935: Domagk

  3. B. General types of chemotherapeutics • 1. Structural analogues • competitive inhibitors • growth factors

  4. 2. Antibiotics • Chemicals secreted by organisms to kill off other organisms • Primarily isolated from

  5. C. Specificity of various antibiotics

  6. III. Sites of interaction • Cell wall • Cell membrane • Essential metabolite biosynthesis • Protein synthesis • DNA replication and transcription

  7. IV. Cell wall inhibitors • A. Penicillin family • Benzylpenicillin

  8. B. Resistance to penicillin

  9. C. Penicillin family: modifications of side chain • Methicillin • Ampicillin • Carbenicillin • Oxacillin

  10. D. Other cell wall growth inhibitors • Cephalosporins • Bacitracin • Vancomycin

  11. V. Inhibitors of protein synthesis • Aminoglycosides

  12. Aminoglycosides, cont • Tetracyclines • Macrolides

  13. VI. Inhibitors of nucleic acid biosynthesis • Rifamycin • Quinolones

  14. VII. Interaction with plasma membrane

  15. VIII. Viral control • Chemical inhibition • Interferon

  16. IX. Fungal control • Unique membrane components • Folate biosynthesis

  17. Others block • chitin biosynthesis • nucleic acid biosynthesis • microtubule assembly

  18. X. Drug resistance • Prevent entry • Alter binding site • Inactivate drug

  19. XI. And in the future. . .

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