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Morphology Development. Viral suspension C monomer (t) . Spacer 1-200 m m. Encapsulant. Fixation UV-crosslink & encapsulation . 1 cm. Vapor Diffusion Drop Method . glass crystallization dish. UV monomer. Viral suspension (<5% monomer). Concentrate II Vapor Diffusion
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Morphology Development Viral suspension Cmonomer(t) Spacer 1-200 mm Encapsulant Fixation UV-crosslink & encapsulation 1 cm Vapor Diffusion Drop Method glass crystallization dish UV monomer Viral suspension (<5% monomer) Concentrate II Vapor Diffusion Drop Method (24 hr) Pelletize 18K RPM 25-30 min Concentrate I Decant K521 (UV-resin) Re-suspend Kramer
M0 Chimeric Virus and Virus-Like Particle Materials Viral Scaffold Monodisperse Heterogeneous, site specific surface chemistry Shape & Size Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus (CCMV) T. Douglas et al. Adv. Mat. (2002) 14: 415-418. M. Stone
1 7:3 (Ag:Au) (resonance condition) Abs. Nanoshells have a strong EM near-field at the plasmon resonance frequency 0 8.00 400 600 800 1000 7.00 Wavelength (nm) 6.00 5.00 Extinction (arb. units) Abs. 4.00 3.00 2.00 Virus core 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1.00 Silica core Wavelength (nm) 0.00 400 500 600 700 800 900 Wavelength (nm) Radloff, Halas et al Optical Properties of Gold Colloid and Coated Dielectric Sphere The cup is green, but looks red in Transmission. Absorbance spectrum of gold colloid: G. Mie, Ann. Physik 25, (1908) 377 Lycurgus Cup 4th Century A.D., Roman (www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/science)
1 7:3 (Ag:Au) (resonance condition) Abs. 0 400 600 800 1000 Wavelength (nm) Abs. Virus core 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Silica core Wavelength (nm) Radloff, Halas et al Optical Properties of Gold Colloid and Coated Dielectric Sphere The cup is green, but looks red in Transmission. Absorbance spectrum of gold colloid: G. Mie, Ann. Physik 25, (1908) 377 Lycurgus Cup 4th Century A.D., Roman (www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/science)
Improved Seed Coverage on Virion Cores Increasing the ionic strength of the gold nanoparticle solution decreases the repulsive forces between particles allowing for increased surface coverage. gold decorated IV nanoparticles
Gold Nanoshell Growth on Virion Cores The evolution of the nanoshell plasmon resonance can be followed spectroscopically dipole resonance quadrupole resonance
BioHarvesting Natural Forms For Photonics Introduction: Photonic Band Gap Materials Bio-Templating Scaffolds and Top-Down Replication Bio-Colloids Self, Forced & Directed Assembly Summary
Summary Demonstrated feasibilityandpotential of Bio-Harvesting non-optical natural forms for Photoincs Bio-Templating: Proof-of-concept High index refraction P-Surface for VLWIR exo-atmospheric missile defense apps. Detail optical characterization Spatial limits of size-reduction scheme Exo- and indo-skeletal biotemplates for MIR & VLWIR applications Bio-Colloids: Proof-of-concept Large viral capacity Numerous ‘assembly’ approaches Patterning Single crystal growth Surface conjugation High-index replication for nonlinear optical applications (sensor platform, radar, limiting, laser emission)
R2 R1 R3 RHS The Form & Structure Factor • Form factor, P(q): • To describe the shape of the IV, we can use a 3-layer core shell model with varying electron densities, the form factor expression is a modified expression (incorporating gradual changes in electron densities) developed by Roche et al.1: • Structure factor, S(q): • The Percus-Yevick Hard-Sphere Model is an approximation of the pair-correlation function2: 1: E. J. Roche, R. S. Stein, T. P. Russell, W. J. MacKnight (1980) Journal of Polymer Science: Part B Polymer Physics18, 1497-1512. 2: D. J. Kinning, E. L. Thomas (1984) Macromolecules17, 1712-1718.
Morphology of Pelletized WIV: Local Form of IV R2 R1 R3 RHS adapted from N.G. Wrigley 1969 (J. Gen. Virol. 5:123-134) cryoTEM, negative starining 135 nm • Electron micrograph of IV show a electron dense region of the core and the shell Terje Dokland • Representative Model consists of: • RHS hard sphere radius due to volume exclusion • R1 outer radius of the IV • R2- R3 thin region with low electron density • R3 core radius of IV Chan
Dehydrated, cross-linked WIV Ultra Small Angle X-ray Scattering R2 R1 R3 RHS For the Fitting: RHS = 790 Å R3 = 590 Å R2 = 680 Å R1 = 710 Å fHS = 31% S(q): P-Y P(q): Hard Sphere S(q): P-Y P(q): Core-Shell S(q): P-Y P(q): Concentric Shells Chan