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XHTML

XHTML. Presented by Kelly(Geun-young) Yim. Learning Objectives. List the difference between XHTML and HTML Create a valid, well-formed XHTML document Convert an existing HTML document to XHTML Decide when XHTML is more appropriate than HTML. What is XHTML?.

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XHTML

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  1. XHTML Presented by Kelly(Geun-young) Yim

  2. Learning Objectives • List the difference between XHTML and HTML • Create a valid, well-formed XHTML document • Convert an existing HTML document to XHTML • Decide when XHTML is more appropriate than HTML

  3. What is XHTML? • XHTML stands for eXtensible HyperText Markup Language • Two major puposes • XHTML is a stricter standard than HTML • XHTML allows for modularisation • Overall, XHTML is almost the same as HTML • However, XHTML code must be well-formed.

  4. Why XHTML? • Most web pages were designed in HTML • However, HTML allows all sort of mistakes and bad formatting in its code. • XHTML is stricter and easier to parse

  5. XHTML • An XHTML document must contain a DOCTYPE declaration and four elements • <!DOCTYPE ... > <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title></title> </head> <body></body> </html> Also, the root html tag of an XHTML document must include an xmlns declaration for the XHTML namespace.

  6. Preferred DOCTYPE • <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">

  7. Has to be the same XHTML • XML Prolog <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> • Language <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">

  8. Needs to be switched XHTML vs. HTML • Documents must be well-formed • Incorrect <b><u> This text is probably bold and underlined, but inside incorrectly nested tags. </b></u>

  9. XHTML vs. HTML • Elements must be closed </p> </li> • Incorrect <p>Here is a list: <ul> <li>Item 1 <li>Item 2 <li>Item 3 </ul> </li> </li>

  10. XHTML vs. HTML • What if there are no closing tags in HTML / / Make sure to put a space between / • Incorrect <img src="titlebar.gif" alt="Title" > <hr > <br > <p>Welcome to my web page!</p>

  11. Common empty tags in HTML • area • base • basefont • br • hr • img • input • link • meta • param

  12. XHTML vs. HTML • Tags must be lowercase h1 • Attribute names must be lowercase <H1>This is an example of bad case.</h1> <p CLASS="specialText">Important Notice</p> class

  13. XHTML vs. HTML • Attribute values must be quoted “ ” “” <table border= 1 width= 100% > <tr><td> Tables are fun! </td></tr> </table>

  14. …/> =“checked” …/> =“disabled” XHTML vs. HTML • Attributes cannot be minimized <form> <input checked ... /> <input disabled ... /> </form>

  15. A complete list of minimized attributes • noresize • noshade • nowrap • readonly • selected • multiple • checked • compact • declare • defer • disabled • ismap • nohref

  16. id=“anchor” > id=“mybanner” /> XHTML vs. HTML • The name attribute is replaced with the id attribute <a name="anchor"> <img src="banner.gif" name="mybanner" /> </a>

  17. XHTML vs. HTML • Ampersands are not supported amp; amp; <a href="home.aspx?status=done& itWorked=false"> Home & Garden</a>

  18. XHTML vs. HTML • Image alt attributes are mandatory alt="title" <img src="titlebar.gif" />

  19. XHTML vs. HTML • Scripts and CSS must be escaped <script language="JavaScript" > <!– document.write ('Hello World!'); //--> </script> <style > <!-- .SpecialClass { color: #000000; } --> </style> language="javascript" /*<![CDATA[*/ /*]]>*/ createElementNS type=“text/css” /*<![CDATA[*/ /*]]>*/

  20. XHTML vs. HTML • Some elements may not be nested

  21. When to convert • When you want pages to be easily viewed over a nontraditional Internet-capable device, such as a PDA or Web-enabled telephone. • When you plan to work with XML in the future • When it is important your site to be current with the most recent W3C standards. • When you will need to convert your documents to another format.

  22. Exercise • Change this HTML into an XHTML document conforming to the W3C’s strict standard. Validate your page using the validator available at http://validator.w3.org/

  23. <html> <head> <title> Convert html to XHTML </head> <body text=blue> <h1> <center> XHTML page </center> </h1> <p><b> It is important your site to be current with the most recent W3C standards. </p></b> <u>Welcome</u> to my <b>page</b>.<br> I hope that you <i>enjoy</i> your stay. <p> <font color=#9900FF face=Arial size=+2> XHTML is similar to HTML </font> </p> <a href=http://validator.w3.org/> Validator </a> </body> </html>

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