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The Roaring 20’s

The Roaring 20’s. The Results of WWI. Red Scare – fear of radicals, Communists, and Socialism Immigration restricted Post-war labor strikes due to demobilization – peace time after war KKK grew hated blacks, Jews, Catholics, & Darwinists. Immigration.

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The Roaring 20’s

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  1. The Roaring 20’s

  2. The Results of WWI • Red Scare – fear of radicals, Communists, and Socialism • Immigration restricted • Post-war labor strikes • due to demobilization – peace time after war • KKK grew • hated blacks, Jews, Catholics, & Darwinists

  3. Immigration • nativism – opposition to immigration; distinguishes between Americans who were born here and immigrants • 1921 Emergency Quota Act – fed. law that limited annual # of immigrants • 1924 National Origins Act (a.k.a. Immigration Act) – more strict fed. law that limited # of immigrants who could be admitted from any country • GOAL  restrict Southern and Eastern Europeans & Asians & reduce immigration! • Chinese Exclusion Act – 1st nationality to be excluded by immigration restrictions

  4. The Red Scare • feared communism & socialism would spread from Russia to U.S. • will arise again during post-WWII & the Cold War

  5. Sacco & Vanzetti • Italian born Americans but “foreign” anarchists • tried, convicted, & executed for “armed robbery & murder”; evidence didn’t match up, but didn’t matter • Xenophobia – fear of what is foreign (especially people)

  6. KKK • the rise of xenophobia & nativism led to increased membership • opposed immigration • by mid-1920’s, there were 5 million members • influenced politics & elections

  7. Post War Labor Strikes • 4.5 million returning soldiers needed jobs • War materials no longer needed, neither their employees  UNEMPLOYMENT! • Labor strikes: • shorter hours & more pay

  8. A Changing Society • women • urban life (industrial life) • prohibition • music & art

  9. Women • 19th amendment – gave women the right to vote • women got the right to vote because of the war (they worked the jobs for the boys why they were away) • education (college attendance) • flappers

  10. Prohibition • 18th amendment – made it illegal to produce or sell alcohol • enforcement very hard • illegal alcohol made from perfume & paint • speakeasies – secret, illegal clubs serving alcohol • bootleggers – people who smuggled it into the U.S. • making alcohol: • Legal business  CRIMINAL work • Al Capone • 21st amendment – ended prohibition

  11. Scopes Trial • John T. Scopes – teacher who taught Darwinism & evolution • “survival of the fittest” determines the success of people in society • William Jennings Bryan – “Bible expert” for prosecution & presidential candidate; did not succeed • Charles Darrow – famous criminal attorney • ACLU defends Scopes • Evolution vs. Creation – divided public opinion • fundamentalism vs. modernism • fundamentalism – strict following of the Bible • modernism – idea of the power of the human being

  12. Scopes Trial Clarence Darrow & William Jennings Bryan

  13. Music – Jazz Age • developed in the south (New Orleans) • expressed the difficulties that blacks faced during slavery • as blacks moved north, they took this with them • W.C. Handy – the father of the blues • Bessie Smith – Empress of the Blues • Louis Armstrong – innovative jazz musician (solos); most famous

  14. Great Migration • 90% of black Americans lived in the South before WWI • Moved to the North (Chicago & New York) for jobs & to escape KKK!!! • 53% of black Americans lived in South in 1970

  15. The Harlem Renaissance • Harlem, NY – the largest black community • the renaissance – a period of black artistic accomplishment • Langston Hughes – author • Zora Hurston – author • James Weldon Johnson – poet • Blacks were free but segregated

  16. Industry • Henry Ford & Model T • lowered the price of the automobile • by using the assembly line • assembly line – a system of machines that moved products “down the line” • cut time of assembly

  17. A Consumer Culture • Business Booms! • new products to enjoy (ex. car, washing machine, vacuums, refrigerators) • bought through installment plans • “Ride Now, Pay Later” • advertising increase (radio, magazines, newspapers)

  18. Farmers • war led to increase in demand & prices • had to feed the troops • peace time led to overproduction & low prices (competition)  not prosperous

  19. World News • European Union being developed • Hong Kong – dependent territory of UK from 1842 - 1997 • Africa – Britain, France, Germany all colonized Africa (took over native’s lands)

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