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The Digestive System. By: Melissa Bethke Amani Anis-hanna Erin Plant. Makes food into molecules so that it’s small enough to be absorbed and utilized by the different cells in the body. The body uses those molecules for building nourishing cells, repairing, and providing the energy needed.
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The Digestive System By: Melissa Bethke Amani Anis-hanna Erin Plant
Makes food into molecules so that it’s small enough to be absorbed and utilized by the different cells in the body. The body uses those molecules for building nourishing cells, repairing, and providing the energy needed. If the body does not need the particles that have been broken down through digestion, then the body creates the waste that is then removed. Function
Organs include: Liver Pancreas Stomach Caecum Small and Large Intestines Some animals eat and excrete out the same hole. Roundworms can invade your body. Sponges have no digestive system. Starfish push its stomach through its mouth. Organs and Facts
How it Works in Animals • They take in their food as large and complex molecules that need to be broken down, through the digestive system into small molecules that can be transferred to every cell in the body.
How it Works in Detail 2 phases – mechanical and chemical • Mechanical: teeth or other structures work to break down their food into smaller pieces. • Chemical: enzymes break down those pieces into even smaller molecules so that it can be absorbed and spread throughout the body. It then travels through the digestive tract which then exits the body.
Digestive Opening • Different phyla have different numbers of openings. • This depends on how they excrete the food. PeriferaCoelenterataPlatyhelminthesNematodaAnnelida 1 1 1 2 2 Mullusca 2
Porifera • Take in food through their pores. • They filter their food by micro-organisms from the water. • They have no digestive system. * includes: sponges
Cnidarians • They use their tentacles to travel their food through their mouth and into their gastro vascular cavity. * includes: jellyfish, sea anemones
Flatworms • A flatworm has a combination digestive/excretory system. • It takes food in and gets rid of wastes through the same opening. • The food goes through the mouth to the esophagus. • The muscles use a wavelike fashion to force food down the length of the intestine. • Undigested food leaves out the mouth.
Roundworms • Digestive system runs the length of the body. • Many live off other animals and plants. • Mouth opens into the muscular pharynx. • Muscular pharynx acts as a vacuum to bring food to the intestine. • It goes down the intestine and is excreted.
Mollusks • There are different kinds of mollusks. • Valves=one shell=snails • Bivalves=two shells=clams and oysters • Head-foot Mollusks=squid and octopus
Mollusks • The mouth of a mollusk is a radula • Looks like a tongue covered with tooth-like structures • Rubs radula against plants to break off parts. • Mollusks have 2 digestive openings. • In some mollusks such as bivalves the radula is absent • After the radula the food then goes to the digestive gland then the intestine
Anthropoda • Anthropoda have a complete digestive system • The mid-gut section of the typical Anthropoda is the main site for enzyme production
Echinodermata • Most members of the Echinodermata phylum have hard plates that retract and grasp like teeth, called Aristotle's lantern • Starfish can push there stomachs through their mouths and insert it into clams
Chordata • All vertebrates (animals with backbones) are Chordates. • They take in their food and the digestive system works to break it down, and then it exits the body. * includes: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals.
Circulatory System • The digestion process breaks down food into small components the blood absorbs • The circulatory system then transports the food all around the body.
Excretory System • After the digestive system picks out sugars, proteins and fats, the body has to remove things such as nitrogen, phosphorous and sulfur. • Waste then exits the body through the excretory system
References • http://digestive-system.emedtv.com/digestive-system/function-of-the-digestive-system.html • http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookDIGEST.html • http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761575197/digestive_system.html • http://www.junglewalk.com/info/Sponge-information.htm • http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20102/bio%20102%20lectures/animal%20diversity/lower%20invertebrates/sponges.htm
