Good Research Presentations

1. Good Research Presentations Advanced Topics in Future Internet Research Seminar Multimedia Communications I/II Feel free to grab a coffee before we start! Björn Richerzhagen, Dr. Ing. Nils Richerzhagen, M.Sc. Manisha Luthra, M.Sc. atfir@kom.tu-darmstadt.de

2. Gentle Reminder • Submission deadline for Semi-final papers and presentations • Submission deadline for final papers and presentations Monday, 21.01.2019, 23:59 CET Friday, 01.02.2019, 23:59 CET to atfir@kom..  and supervisors of course!

3. Goal of Today’s Workshop • What do you need to transport to the audience? • What tools do you have? • Your slides • Style: template, usage of elements • Content: motivation, approach, results • Your voice • Presentation style, speech • How you stand, walk, look, gesture, ... • The discussion • Examples – Dos and Don'ts

4. What do you Need to Transport... • ...in a scientific presentation? Ideas? • You need to motivate a problem • Why is it relevant? • Why should the audience care? • You need to show solutions / ideas • Not only your own solution * • In a way that your audience can follow • You need a discussion • Provide a conclusion and points for discussion (e.g., outlook) * In thescopeoftheseminar, you do not presentownsolutions, asyouareconducting a survey.

5. Limitation: Time! • 20 minutes to • Say hello • Motivate a problem • Introduce your methodology • Discuss related works • Discuss your solution • Show evaluation results • Wrap up your findings • Highlight some future directions • What do you consider to be the most important point? Items in greyare not required in theseminarpresentations (survey-style)

6. Golden Rule • Do not lose the audience • Why am I listening to this talk? • What problem is he/she trying to solve? • What’s the point now? • I don’t get it. • Boooring.

7. Let’s watch a movie youtube.com/watch?v=lpvgfmEU2Ck youtube.com/watch?v=8S0FDjFBj8o

8. Goal of Today’s Workshop • What do you need to transport to the audience? • What tools do you have? • Your slides • Style: template, usage of elements • Content: motivation, approach, results • Your voice • Presentation style, speech • How you stand, walk, look, gesture, ... • The discussion • Examples – Dos and Don'ts

9. Your Slides Inspired by “Avoid Death by PowerPoint (TEDx by David JP Phillips)”

10. Use the Template! What are key elements of a template?

11. Use the Template! • Some corporate design stuff • No way to get rid of it, so just leave it untouched... • Page number • Important for later discussion • The title • Should contain the take-home message of the current slide • Do not use generic titles (e.g.: motivation, related work) • Why? • Colors • Stick with very few colors • Use them consistently for the same purpose – why?

12. One Message per Slide

13. The Magical Number 6 • Keep the number of objects on your slide low – why? • Counting objects (+500% cognitive resources) vs. seeing Counting Counting Seeing Cognitive Resources Fatigue http://tinyurl.com/k29wjmz

14. Size • Point 6 • Point 7 • Point 8 • Point 9 • Point 10 • Point 1 • Point 2 • Point 3 • Point 4 • Point 5

15. Size • Point 6 • Point 7 • Point 8 • Point 9 • Point 10 • Point 1 • Point 2 • Point 3 • Point 4 • Point 5

16. Size • Eye Contraction – Your eyes follow big things Main point or the thing to highlightshould be the biggest

17. Contrasting • Point 1 • Point 2 • Point 3 • Point 4 • Point 5 Use PowerPoint build in features for highlighting

18. The less Clutter, the Better • Try to keep your slides visually calm • Remember the video! • Do not put too much information on a single slide • Remember, one take-home message per slide  title! • Use images, schematics, illustrations • But only, if they have a purpose on the slide • Use animations wisely • Only very simple ones (e.g., appear) • Only, if they help you with your talk • If you want to highlight something(do not rely on a laser pointer...) Disclaimer: astheseslidesare also intendedfor offline-learning, theycontainmoretextthentheywouldnormallyneed.

19. Examples • Dos and Don‘ts Disclaimer: there is no best or worst solutions, yet it is always better to use good practices and tips while preparing a presentation

20. How to Motivate your Topic? • Do you like / dislike the following motivational slides? Why?

21. Example Mobile Devices Fig. 1. iPhone 5s [1] Fig. 2. Nexus 5 [2] Fig. 3. iPad Air [3] Details[2]: Nexus 5 4.95” 1920x1080 445ppi Details[3]: iPad Air 9.7” 2048x1536 264ppi Details[1]: iPhone 5s 4” 1136x640 326ppi

22. Example Blockchain • Address • Output and Input • Proof of Work • A blockchain is a distributed database that maintains a continuously-growing list of ordered records called blocks. Each block contains a timestamp and a link to a previous block. By design blockchains are inherently resistant to modification of the data — once recorded, the data in a block cannot be altered retroactively. Blockchains are "an open, distributed ledger that can record transactions between two parties efficiently and in a verifiable and permanent way. The ledger itself can also be programmed to trigger transactions automatically. - Wikipedia • Longest chain of blocks from leave to root (genesis block)

23. Example Importance of Big Data • Increase of generated data Amount of data (exabytes) Year • Employed in areas such as social networks, e.g. Facebook, and Internet of Things Source: IDC's Digital Universe Study, sponsoredby EMC, December2012; McKinsey Global Institute Analysis

24. Example Motivation: Software-Defined Networking • Demand isincreasing • Cloud computing, Big data, Mobile traffic, The Internet of Things (IoT). • Supply isincreasing • The capacity of network has increased to absorb rising loads. • Traffic patterns have become more complex • Network convergence of voice, data, and video traffic.  • Traditional network architectures are inadequate • QoS and QoE requirements are expanding.

25. Example • faster, more reliable, perfect? • Distributed Databases • Data does not lay on a central server • workload for nodes falls immensely • highly modular • node communication for consistency • How to stay consistent and safe against attacks?

26. Some Tips on the Motivation Section • Motivate “customer’s pain” • Everybody should understand and “feel” the problem • Give your audience a scenario (fictional) • Be aware that you might need to simplify the scenario a bit • Re-use the scenario within your talk, at least during the conclusion • Be careful with statistics and numbers • Actually, nobody really cares if its 73% or 73.55%, yet needs to be accurate! • Do not confuse “Motivation” with “Background Information” • State your mission • E.g.: goal of your work, your approach in a nutshell, ...

27. How to Present your Structure? • Do you like / dislike the following outline? Why?

28. Example Agenda • Introduction • Publish/Subscribe Systems • Mobile Ad-Hoc networks • Location Awareness • Publish/Subscribe in Wireless and Mobile Ad-Hoc networks • Categories • Major types of Publish/Subscribe Services • Commonly deployed Location Awareness schemes in Ad-Hoc networks Challenges faced with Publish/Subscribe Services on a Mobile Ad-Hoc Scenario

29. Example Agenda (Contd.) • ExistingPublish/SubscribeMechanismsdeployed on Mobile networks • STEAM - Scalable Timed Events And Mobility • MobUser • Pervaho • LASPD - Location Aware Service Provision and Discovery • An Efficient Spatial Publish/Subscribe System Supporting Mobility with REBECA Possible Future Course of Action Conclusion References

30. Example Our aim • Various approaches existing • Differences • Trade-offs • Is there an optimal approach? • CAP Theorem Figures referenced from [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]

31. Do you Need an Outline Slide at all? • 75% of outlines of BA/MA-Theses at KOM look like this: • Why not just start directly with your motivation and provide some structure afterwards?

32. Some Tips on the Outline Slide • Do not put everything in the outline! • Reduce the number of bullets (remember magical no. 6?) • Build motivation before introducing the Outline • Use outline slide repeatidly as a structure • Use boxes to focus on the current introduced section • Do not spend more than a minute on the outline • Perhaps the interesting content is yet to be presented

33. How to Categorize and Discuss Approaches? • Do you like / dislike the following slides? Why?

34. Example Sensor groups coverage Heterogeneous Homogeneous Different sensors, different characteristics. For many reasons (budget, shareholders, etc.) sometimes we can’t avoid this. Same type of sensors. Ideal

35. Example Background • Publish/Subscribe Paradigm • Asynchronous message delivery • Topic or Content based system • Loose Coupling b/w Nodes • Two ways for Location Handling: • Pub/Sub system with location as an external attribute • Pub/Sub system with location forwarding protocol Topic/ Content

36. Example Chatzimilioudis et. al.- Tziritas et. al.Pros and Cons • Tziritas et. al. • Pros • + Execution under capacity constraints • + No need for control messages • Cons • -Relies on randomchoicesofdestinationnodes Chatzimilioudis et. al. Pros + Parameter-free + Could be used in any framework that optimizes continous queries Cons - Not designed to handle capacity constraints - Communication overhead caused by control messages

37. Example Cloudlet Approaches • Virtual Machine-based Cloudlet • Customized VM for each mobile application • Intermediate Cloudlet • Cloudlet as pre-processor & scheduler • Ad hoc cloudlet • Multiple mobile devices form a network • CloneCloud • Cloning mobile device on cloudlet • Pocket cloudlet • User’s mobile device acting as a cloudlet

38. Example Comparison of Approaches

39. How to Present Related Works • Identify a categorization scheme • Deployment model, targeted scenario, functional/non-functional requirements • May also be an evolution of approaches over time • Introduce your scheme • This is your methodology! • Highlight only the most relevant aspects • E.g., key advances over prior works, smart ideas, not-so-smart ideas • Do not get lost in details – otherwise, your audience could just read the paper themselves • Provide structure • Tables, or “+”/”-” bullets, or simple schematics Jayesh.Sarswat.Prasanna.Mahadevaswamy.talk.ppt

40. Example Slide for References • [Cisco 11] Cisco. The Internet of Things - How the Next Evolution of the Internet is Changing Everything, April 2011 • [IDC 2015] Explosive Internet of Things spending to reach $1.7 trillion in 2020 [Press release]. Retrieved from http://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS25658015 [Accessed on 18.01.2018] • [BSH13] P. Barnaghiet. al, From Data to Actionable Knowledge: Big Data Challenges in the Web of Things. Intelligent Systems, IEEE, 28(6), 6-11, 2013 • [Ericsson 10] Ericsson. Towards 50 Billion Connected Devices, Ericsson Discussion Paper, 2010. • [AC04] Y. Ahmed et al. Network-Aware Query Processing for Stream-based Applications, In the Proceedings of the 30th International conference on Very large databases, VLDB ‘04. • [SMW05] U. Srivastava et al. Operator Placement for In-Network Stream Query Processing, In the Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGMOD Symposium on Principles of Database Systems, PODS ‘05. • [PLS+06] P. Pietzuch et al. Network-aware operator placement for stream-processing systems, In the Proceedings of International Conference on Data Engineering, ICDE ‘06. • [RDR10] S. Riozou et al. Solving the multi-operator placement problem in large-scale operator networks, In the Proceedings of International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, ICCCN ‘10. • [CGP+16] V. Cardellini et al. Optimal Operator Placement for Distributed Stream Processing Applications, In the Proceedings of 10th ACM International conference on Distributed and Event-based Systems, DEBS ‘16. • [OKR+14] B. Ottenwälder et al. MCEP: A Mobility-Aware Complex Event Processing System, In ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, TOIT ‘14. • [HQJ14] Heinze, T., Aniello, L., Querzoni, L., & Jerzak, Z. (2014). Tutorial : Cloud-based Data Stream Processing, (1), 238–245.

41. Your Voice

42. Human Memory Sentences + Speaking = Remembered by audience1 + 1 = close to 0

43. Perception • Watch your hands • Take a breath – include breaks, drink • Look at your audience – switch the focus

44. The Discussion

45. Be Polite. Ask, if you are Unsure! • Ensure that you got the question • Often, it is a good idea to briefly rephrase the question before answering • Give a precise answer – the more to the point, the better • Ask, if you need more detail: “do you refer to X?” • Use your slides • Take your time, do not just start babbling – first rephrasing the questions gives you some extra seconds to think about a suitable answer • If you are asking questions • Stick to one question at a time and keep it short and to the point • Interrupt (politely), if the answer does not match your question • Signal to the presenter if you still follow the answer (e.g., nod, say “mh”, ...)

46. Discussion / Questions