Issei : people born in Japan who moved to the U.S. and settled here

4. The children in the previous Dorothea Lange photograph were students at Raphael Weill Public School (subsequently renamed the Rosa Parks School), located in the heart of “Little Tokyo” in San Francisco. • It was 1942, just one month before all people of Japanese descent in San Francisco, including all of the Japanese American children depicted in this photograph, were removed and sent to internment camps. • In Korematsu v. U.S. (1944), the Supreme Court upheld the Japanese-American internment orders. • One year after the internment of Japanese-Americans began, the Supreme Court held in West Virginia v. Barnette(1943) that a state may not require schoolchildren to salute the American flag or to pledge allegiance to it.

7. Issei: people born in Japan who moved to the U.S. and settled here Nisei: children born to the Issei, they were automatically U.S. citizens Sansei: the children born to the Nisei Kibei: People of Japanese ancestry born in the U.S. but returned to Japan to get their education, then came back to the U.S. JACL: Japanese American Citizens League

8. War Relocation Authority

10. U.S. acknowledged that most of the first-generation immigrants (Issei) and their children (Nisei) were loyal Americans • but "there are still Japanese in the United States who will tie dynamite around their waist and make a human bomb out of themselves."February 1942: Roosevelt authorized the Secretary of War to exclude ethnic Japanese from the West Coast by moving them to concentration camps, Within a few months, the War Relocation Authority (WRA) had moved 120,000 of them into ten centers • Executive Order 9066 • Italian-Americans? German-Americans? • Starting Dec. 8: required to register, restricted mobility, surrendered cameras and radios • Residents of Hawaii?

12. JACLJapanese-American Citizens League

13. In the U.S. military