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The French Revolution

The French Revolution. The Beginning. When we Last Saw France…. Under The Reign of Louis XIV Left the Country Culturally Wealthy but….. He Gets old…. Louis XV Not a Good King. Spent lots of Money on Wars Put France in an Even Larger Hole. France is Still Divided by the Old Regime

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The French Revolution

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  1. The FrenchRevolution The Beginning

  2. When we Last Saw France… • Under The Reign of Louis XIV • Left the Country Culturally Wealthy but….. • He Gets old…. • Louis XV • Not a Good King. • Spent lots of Money on Wars • Put France in an Even Larger Hole. • France is Still Divided by the Old Regime • An Out Dated Social System • Three Estates

  3. The Ancient Regime • The First Estate- The Clergy • The Second Estate- The Nobles • The Third Estate- Everyone Else

  4. The First Estate • The Clergy • Only 1% of the Population • Had Land • Had Wealth • Collected Tithes and Paid no Direct Taxes to the State • Did a lot of Social Services • Also Had Many poor Clergy

  5. The Second Estate • The Nobles • 2-5% of the Population (400,000) • 20% of the Land • Noblesse d’epee (Traditional) • Noblesse de Robe (Purchased Offices) • Had land and titles but very few had money coming in. • Hated absolutism but feared losing privileges

  6. The Third Estate • Everyone Else • 95-97% of the pop. 1. The Bourgeoisie, 8% of Population • 2.3 million people, 20% of the Land • Literate! 2. Peasants, 80% of the Population • Paid taxes, labor service to state, tithe 3. Urban Poor of Paris (Literate!)

  7. Louis XVI and His Bride • Heir to the Throne after Louis XV • Marries Marie Antoinette (Austrian) when he is 16. • Inherits the throne at 20. • “We Reign to Young” • Poorly Educated and Not Liked • And Nobody Liked His Wife….

  8. Marie Antoinette • Young Queen, 14 at Wedding, 18 when Crowned. • Not Educated in Politics, • Married Louis for Political Gesture • Mocked and Hated by the French People • Didn’t Produce Heir for many Years • Received the Nickname…

  9. Madame Deficit • Deficit- Spending More Money than you Take in. • France is Guilty but People link it to her. • Jewelry, Gambling, Hair styles, Parties. • People angry because France is in a Huge Financial Crisis

  10. Financial Trouble • Deficit Spending • Spending More than you take in. • Wars, • Seven Years War (Louis XV) • Support of American Revolution (Louis XVI) • In Order to Pay taxes would need to be raised • Nobles and Clergy resisted • Poor Harvest • Food Prices Skyrocket! • Bread Costs One Month Salary. • Bread Riots in Paris

  11. Financial Reform • Jacques Necker • Brought in by Louis XVI to be Financial Advisor • Believed in Enlightenment Ideals • Urged Political Reform • Reduce Court and Ceremony Spending • Reform Government • Abolish Tariffs on internal Trade • Tax the 1st and 2nd Estates! FORCED OUT!!

  12. The Estates General • Not been Called in 175 Years! • Afraid of losing power • Like the Glorious Revolution • Reform-Minded Nobles saw it as opportunity to get more power. • Like the Glorious Revolution • Facing Bankruptcy, increase in Riots, and Pressure from Nobles Louis XVI calls Estates General to meet at Versailles in 1789

  13. Meeting At Versailles • Prepared to meet by putting together Cashiers • Notebooks listing Grievances •  Tax Collectors are “bloodsuckers of the nation who drink the tears of the unfortunate from goblets of gold.” • Nobles are “vampires pumping the last drop of blood” from the people • “20 million must live on half the wealth of France while the clergy … devour the other half.”

  14. Meeting at Versailles • Members of the Third Estate Elected • Property Owners • Believed Enlightenment Ideas • Went to Insist Reform • Met in May 1789 • Deadlock in Voting Process • Traditionally Voted Independent • Each Estate gets a Vote. • Third Estate Wants to Vote all together.

  15. The National Assembly • Third Estate Declares themselves the National Assembly • The Voice of the People • Invited other members from other Estates • Create a Constitution of France • How government will be run • Sound Familiar?!?!?!? • Next Day the Assembly hall was Locked and Guarded

  16. None Shall Pass!!

  17. Tennis Court Oath • Fearing the King would dismiss the Estates General • The National Assembly Moves to an indoor handball Court. • Swear “never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until we have established a sound and just constitution.”

  18. The Rumors Begin • National Assembly Gains Support • Clergy • Nobles • Troops start to surround Paris • Rumors that king was going to dissolve assembly. • Bad times Get Worse • Necker Brought back! • Then Dismissed • Food Prices Soar http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bU-I2ZiML0

  19. Storming of the Bastille • July 14 1789 • Separate from National Assembly • Rumors of Troops coming to Occupy Paris Spread • 800 + Parisians assemble outside the Bastille • Medieval fortress used as prison. • Torture Chamber • Believed that’s where Weapons and Gun powder were.

  20. Storming the Bastille • Commander Refused to Open Gates • Fight Began and Mob broke through • Commander and 5 Guards killed. • Prisoners released • No Weapons Found

  21. “Is it A Revolt?” No , Sire… it’s a Revolution”

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