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Geant4 Application for Japanese Space Science Missions from 2006 to Future

Geant4 Application for Japanese Space Science Missions from 2006 to Future. Masanobu Ozaki (ISAS/JAXA and JST/CREST ). Japanese Space Science Missions.

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Geant4 Application for Japanese Space Science Missions from 2006 to Future

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  1. Geant4 Application for Japanese Space Science Missions from 2006 to Future Masanobu Ozaki (ISAS/JAXA and JST/CREST)

  2. Japanese Space Science Missions In Japan, most of fundamental researches relating to the on-orbit radiation environment are carried out for non-commercial (i.e. scientific) missions. • X-ray and Gamma-ray astronomy • Inter-planetary missions • Balloon missions • Automated ISS mission This presentation will introduce them briefly.

  3. X- and Gamma-ray astronomy “Suzaku” Observatory (ISAS/JAXA and many universities) The 5th Japanese X-ray astronomy satellite Launched on July 10, 2005 High-precision and Low-noise detector systems • XIS (X-ray CCD camera) [0.3—12 keV] • HXD (Hard X-ray Detector) [10—600 keV]

  4. 2.5cm 2.5cm 1.4cm Readouts Suzaku X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) Imaging region 4.75m Focal length X-ray telescope (XRT) Frame-store region 15cm Suzaku satellite XIScamera body CCD chip

  5. Background-event spectrum of XIS Physics processes • Electromagnetic Interaction • (down to 250eV) • Hadronic Interaction Primary events from 4p Sr Used Geant4 outputs: • Physics process of particle • generation, position, • energy, solid-ID • Energy deposition and its • physics process • ParentID、TrackID、 • StepNumber Geant4 simulation (energy deposition) + charge-diffusion simulation in CCD Succeeded in representing the BGD spectrum and resolving the BGD generation mechanism

  6. PIN*64 BGO (10～60keV) GSO*16 (30～600keV) Suzaku Hard X-ray Detector (HXD) Si-PIN [2mm thick](10—60 keV) GSO [5mm thick](30—600keV) BGO: Shield + Phoswitch BGO well + Fine Collimator: narrow FOV as a non-imaging detector -> Low Background -> High Sensitivity Complex Response for incident photons Performance Key: Monte Carlo simulator

  7. simHXD: full simulator of HXD g (energy, direction) mass model MC simulation based on Geant4 Mass Model energy deposit-> signal simAE simDE simulation data pipeline processing

  8. HXD responses:based on simHXD outputs Crab Nebula (a standard candle) -> well-studied emission spectrum HXD-PIN(10-70 keV) HXD-GSO(40-600 keV) BLACK: real data, RED: emission model x response These responses are used by all the Suzaku Observers.

  9. HXD WAM: Wide All-sky Monitor • BGO anti-co units around HXD: • Not only for active shielding, but also all-sky detector for • Gamma-ray burst spectroscopy • Bright source monitor • … • We must take into account of the absorption and scattering of full-satellite components such as • Solid-Ne dewar • satellite-structure panels • solar array panels • ....... Astro-E2 Mass Model

  10. Future Space Plasma Missions at JAXA ~2020’s Planetary Magnetospheres The Plasma Universe Geospace Exploration SCOPE/CrossScale ESA/JAXA Multiscale at the same time in Earth magnetosphere ~2016 (to be proposed to ESA CosmicVision) ESA/JAXA mission to Jupiter in 2020’s (to be proposed to ESA CosmicVision) ERG A small explorer into the inner-magnetosphere and relativistic particle acceleration processes ~2011 BepiColmbo L2013 ESA/JAXA mission to Mercury

  11. BepiColombo: Mission to Mercury MMO[JAXA] MPO[ESA] Complete study of Mercury The innermost planet Mercury was already known in the ancient days, but it was visited only by the Mariner 10 spacecraft 3 decades ago. Mercury is still “unknown” and provides important keys to the solar system science. First Full-Scale Euro-Japan joint mission Two orbiters (MPO & MMO) will observe Mercury simultaneously with instruments developed by Euro-Japan joint research teams. C. Noshi/RISH, Kyoto Univ. Design & Development by JAXA MMO (Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter) - High temperature materials & technologies. - Best scientific instruments from Japan-Euro collaboration. MPO （Mercury Planetary Orbiter) is a three-axis stabilized spacecraft. It studies geology, composition, inner structure and the exosphere. Abnormal structure and composition of Mercury will provide the keys for the planetary formation in the inner solar system. MMO （Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter） is a spin-stabilized spacecraft. It studies magnetic field, atmosphere, Magnetosphere, and inner interplanetary space. Comparison of magnetic field & Magnetosphere with Earth will provide the new vision for space physics. MPO [2.3h / orbit] 400km x 1500km MMO [9.3h / orbit] 400km x 12,000km • Baseline Schedule • Launch • 2017 Mercury Arrival Orbit / Mercury Magnetosphere (model) Mercury Project Office: http://www.stp.isas.jaxa.jp/mercury/

  12. Using Geant4 in future space plasma missions • Calculation of Radiation Dose in Spacecraft • Solar array • Electric parts ( including SEU/SEL ) • Sensors ( CCD/SSD/MCP …) • Estimation of Radiation Background in each Scientific & System Instruments • Using Geant4 for development of plasma instruments in order to obtain high quality scientific data under strong radiation environment (Mercury, Radiation Belt, Jupiter etc )

  13. Balloon mission: PoGOLite by Hiroshima-U, TiTech, Yamagata-U, SLAC and others • Compton Polarimeter made of plastic scintilator • High modulation factor • Optimized for Hard X-ray (25-100keV) Side BGO Scint. Shield (BG rejection.) (b) • Japanese Consortium： • PMT、Beam test, DAQ, Performance modeling • Stanford University: • Detector array, DAQ, Gondola and attitude control system, Payload integration and testing • Swedish Consortium: • Side-anticoincidence Shield, Observation planning • Ecolo Polytechnique: • Scintillator and crystal reflective material Slow Plastic Scint. Collimator (FOV:5 deg2) Fast Plastic Scint. (Pol. measurement) PMT assembly (low noise) Bottom BGO Schedule 2006 2008 2003 2004 2005 2007 Balloon Flight! Sensor Complete Proton Beam Test (Osaka) Proposal to NASA KEK Beam Test KEK Beam Test Spring8/Argonne Beam Test Flight Instrument Integration Gondola Ready Second Proposal to NASA Flight Instrument Integration and Test 1st prototype (fast scinti. 7 units) 2nd prototype (fast/slow 19 units+anti)

  14. Modulation Curve for Crab -- Geant4 (original) : MF=12.4% -- Geant4 (with fix) : MF=22.2% -- EGS4 : MF=21.8% PoGOLite Geant4 simulation • Polarized Compton Scattering • PoGO-fix process • Rayleigh Scattering • Implement Pol. dependence

  15. ISS mission: GSC/MAXIby JAXA and universities Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image of 2-30 keV (GSC) FOV : 1.5deg ×160deg The FOVs sweep almost the entire sky during one ISS orbital period of 90 minutes. A point source stays in the FOV for 45 seconds. • The collimator: • Material : phosphor bronze • Thickness: 0.1 mm, Height: 118.4 mm • The interval between slats: 0.1 mm • 128 slats for one GSC unit

  16. Detector Response Matrix (DRM) builder for GSC/MAXI • Ground calibration: • Energy-PH relation, position-PH relation, energy resolution, position resolution • The collimator response based on design value • Geant4 simulation • geometry from design sheet • photoelectric absorption, • energy deposition, • multiple scattering • considering L-escape

  17. Comparison between ground calibration and DRM output 　:Calibration data (X=－5mm,Y=－80mm) Target Cu-K line (8.1keV) :DRM simulations(8keV) (X=－5mm,Y=－80mm)

  18. Conclusion • Several Japanese space science mission use or will use Geant4 • To construct the detector response to the incident photons. • To simulate the detector outputs due to the environment radiation.

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