Show Us the Money: Calculating the Cost of Juvenile Justice

1. Show Us the Money: Calculating the Cost of Juvenile Justice Lori Albin, Director Fiscal Policy Center National Juvenile Justice Network July 2011

2. Leads and supports a movement of state and local juvenile justice coalitions and organizations to secure state and federal laws, policies and practices that are fair, equitable and developmentally appropriate for all children, youth and families involved in, or at risk of becoming involved in, the justice system. • The National Juvenile Justice Network’s Fiscal Policy Center is supported by generous grants from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Open Society Foundations, Public Welfare Foundation, and Tow Foundation.

3. BREAKING DOWN THE PROCESS MAPPING THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM

4. Costs of Crime First step in estimating benefit of avoiding crime is to estimate cost of crime Programs that reduce crime benefit taxpayers, victims, and society To estimate cost must break down the process Mapping

5. What? Me? Map? Mapping is the process of identifying the stages of the juvenile justice process To maximize effectiveness of fiscal information must know what each stage costs For example: No Misdemeanants in detention or secured placement Must know costs before and after exit point to assert cost avoidance

6. MAPPING YOUR SYSTEM Source: United States Department of Justice, Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 2006 National Report

8. Map of New York City Process Source: Rethinking Detention in New York City, A Report of the Juvenile Justice Project of the Correctional Association of New York (March 2002).

9. Map of New York City Process Source: Rethinking Detention in New York City, A Report of the Juvenile Justice Project of the Correctional Association of New York (March 2002).

10. Map of New York City Process – Cost Data Source: The Rising Cost of the City’s Juvenile Justice System, New York City Independent Budget Office (January 2008/Revised).

11. Map of New York City Process – Cost Data Source: The Rising Cost of the City’s Juvenile Justice System, New York City Independent Budget Office (January 2008/Revised).

12. ARREST FOUR PATHS Juvenile Offender (charged as an adult) Family/Juvenile Court Secured Detention Until Court Open Released – “Must Appear” Citation

13. ARREST A standard arrest process includes investigation, arrest, interrogation and booking. Law Enforcement Cost Average Police Officer Pay (including benefits) Number of Juvenile Arrests Average Time Between Arrest and Complaint/Charging Document

14. INTAKE • Divert or Petition • Assessment Tool Cost • Intake Worker/Probation Agent Cost • Number of intakes • Average time to process • Budget for Intake Division

15. DIVERSION Program Cost Number of Cases Diverted Length of Probation Supervision Assumption

16. PREADJUDICATION Release to Parent – No Supervision Secure Detention Non-Secure Detention Alternative to Detention

17. SECURE DETENTION Number of Youth in Secure Detention Operating Cost of Facilities Capacity of Facilities Average Length of Stay

18. NON-SECURE DETENTION • Program Cost • Number of Facilities/Capacity • Per bed contract? • Number of Youth in Facilities • Average Length of Stay • Total Budget for Non-Secure Detention

19. ALTERNATIVE TO DETENTION Cost of Programs Number of Youth Served Program Budget or Actual if Available

20. ADJUDICATION Adjudication includes prosecutorial review, defense attorney interviews, and case processing Initial Appearance/Arraignment Fact Finding/Adjudication Hearing (and prep) Disposition Subsequent Placement Hearing (if necessary)

21. ARRAIGNMENT Number of Youth Length of Hearing Prosecutor/Public Defender Cost Court Cost

22. FACT FINDING Number of Youth Length of Hearing Prosecutor/Public Defender Cost Court Cost

23. DISPOSITION Number of Youth Length of Hearing Prosecutor/Public Defender Cost Court Cost

24. PLACEMENT(Commitment) Secure Non-Secure Number of Youth Length of Stay

25. ALTERNATIVES TO PLACEMENT Program Cost Number of Youth Length of Stay Budget or Actual Cost of Program

26. INTENSIVE SUPERVISION(PROBATION) Number of Youth Budget or Actual Cost of Program

27. Other Initiatives Discharge Planning Supervised Probation

28. Simple Map of a Juvenile Case in Maryland

29. Mapping a Juvenile Case in Baltimore County, Maryland Release to family/refer to DJS Resolved at intake (3294) Petition denied 76 Arrest 6033 DJS intake 6287 State’s Attorney Adjudication Petition 2996 petition Filed 2917 $2624 per case Detain/DJS transports to detention center (700) ALOS = 1 day $759/day – boys $704/day – girls --MFR -- $33.25 per hour @ 6 hours = $199.50 or DTC report $184.69 Detention (517) ALOS 19.1 days $758/day Shelter Care (68) Pg 32 stat report $206/day—boys $254/day – girls DTC Alternative to detention (2476) CINS (77) $1077/child Intake costs: $33.31/hour UA $7.18 – boys UA $8.20 -- girls

30. Probation (881) $25.06/day ALOP 183 days Case dismissed/stet/nol pros/other (1453) Hardware Secure After-care (144) Committed (197) ALOS -172 days $624/day Arraignment/ detention hearing Fact-Finding Disposition Staff Secure Pending Disposition (205) Pending Placement (169) ALOS 40 25 Day review hearing placement $758/day $288

31. Resources www.njjn.org/our-work/fiscal-policy-center www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/njcda/ www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/ezaco/asp/method.asp www.usinflationcalculator.com/

32. Lori Albin Director, Fiscal Policy Center National Juvenile Justice Network 1319 F Street, NW, Suite 402 Washington, DC 20004 202-467-0864 ext. 126 albin@juvjustice.org www.njjn.org Find NJJN on Facebook