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The Roaring Twenties

The Roaring Twenties. Focus: How does communism differ from American capitalism and democracy. I. Red Scare and Nativism . Russian Revolution A. Bolsheviks take over Russia Change its name the Soviet Union Communism - a system with one party and gov’t ownership of everything. 2. Red Scare

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The Roaring Twenties

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  1. The Roaring Twenties

  2. Focus: How does communism differ from American capitalism and democracy

  3. I. Red Scare and Nativism • Russian Revolution A. Bolsheviks take over Russia • Change its name the Soviet Union • Communism - a system with one party and gov’t ownership of everything.

  4. 2. Red Scare • Some in U.S. were joining Communist groups. • People were afraid Communism would spread.

  5. Raids • Mitchell Palmer (Congressman) • led communist raids • tried to find people who were a threat to America

  6. Sacco and Vanzetti • Two Italian radicals who avoided the draft. • Accused of murder • did not get a fair trial • sentenced to death (Aug 23, 1927)

  7. KKK (Ku Klux Klan) • 1924 - 4.5 million members • Harassment of people unlike themselves

  8. II. Management - Labor Conflicts • Strikes • Following WWI there many strikes in an attempt to raise wages that had been adjusted for post war inflation a. Inflation – the rise in the general level of prices of goods and services.

  9. Boston Police Strike • Boston police went on strike because working conditions were poor and wages were low

  10. Steel Mill Strike • An attempt by steel workers to strike because many of their jobs had been lost to technological advancements.

  11. Discussion Questions • How were Sacco and Vanzetti victims of Nativism? • How would better technology lead to strikes?

  12. Focus: How have consumer products changed compared to 20 years ago

  13. III. Christian Fundamentalism • Fundamentalism - movement based on literal interpretation of the bible • Creationism – The belief that the creation of the earth is scientifically described in the Bible.

  14. Scopes Trial • In 1925 in Tennessee it is a crime to teach evolution • John Scopes - biology teacher • Clarence Darrow - his lawyer • Scopes loses and is fined $100 by the jury

  15. IV. Changing Lifestyles • Urban Sprawl - cities spread in all directions • Changes: • Garages • Gas stations • Traffic lights. • Route 66

  16. Electricity • Most households (except farms) had it. • New items: irons, refrigerators, ranges, etc.

  17. Buying on Credit • Installment Plan - buy over an extended period of time. Low interest. • Many thought economic prosperity would last forever!!!

  18. Lifestyles • Millions Moving to cities • Fast pace • Movies, museums, plays, sporting events

  19. Birth rate drops • Better consumer products • Sliced bread • canned foods • More kids go to school instead of work • By 1926 - 4 million students enrolled in High School

  20. Heroes and other Important Figures • Sports become wildly popular • Babe Ruth - N.Y. Yankees Slugger • Satchel Paige, Jackie Robinson • Negro Leagues - Founded in 1920

  21. Famous Firsts • Gertrude Ederle - 1926 - First woman to swim the English Channel • Charles Lindbergh - first not stop solo flight across the Atlantic

  22. Celebrities • Charlie Chaplin - movie star • Mickey Mouse • George Gershwin – musician • F. Scott Fitzgerald - novelist (Great Gatsby) • Ernest Hemingway • Tabloids, Magazines and Radio become popular

  23. Discussion Questions • Why would the Scopes Trial be known as the “Trial of the Century.” • What evidence shows that people were better off in the 20’s than before WWI?

  24. Focus: What is corruption?

  25. V. Republican Presidency • 1920 – “A Return to Normalcy” • Warren G. Harding becomes president • Calvin Coolidge becomes V.P. • Goal is to return to normal after the war.

  26. B. America was tired of war and eight years of Democrat Wilson • The nation welcomed the non-controversial Harding who was a small time self-made businessman

  27. Harding is the classic Republican • Tax Cuts • Help for big business • America-first foreign policy • Rejection of the League of Nations • Stiff tariffs to protect American industry

  28. Kellogg-Briand Pact • 64 Nations signed it • Renounced war as an instrument of national policy • U.S. becomes isolationists • opposition to political or social entanglements

  29. Dawes Plan • to avoid another war, U.S. banks loan Germany 2.5 billion dollars to pay their debts. • Germany then pays the U.S.

  30. Quota System • There was a maximum number of immigrants allowed to come to the U.S. (exceptions for the W. Hemisphere) • No Japanese allowed at all

  31. Ohio Gang • Cabinet members that were Harding’s friends • Scandals • Scandals rocked Harding's administration • Millions were taken from the Veterans Admin. Hospitals • Harding’s Attorney Gen. was implicated for fraud

  32. Teapot Dome • Most famous scandal involved Teapot Dome • Two oil reserves • Elk Hills, CA • Teapot Dome, WY

  33. The areas were marked for future use of the US Navy • Sec. of Interior got a hold of the lands • Sold off drilling leases to private developers • Received thousands in bribes

  34. Presidential Tragedy • As the Teapot Dome Scandal was being investigated, Pres. Harding suffered a fatal heart attack. • Sec. of Interior was convicted of bribery

  35. New President • Coolidge was untainted by the scandals and took Harding’s place and easily won reelection in 1924. • Known as “Silent Cal” because of his hands-off approach to the office

  36. 3. Herbert Hoover • “A vote for Smith is a vote for the Pope,” proclaimed banners in 1928 • Smith also favored the repeal of Prohibition • Hoovers slogan was “Rum, Romanism and Ruin.” • Hoover announced an abolition of poverty

  37. Discussion Questions • What evidence shows that Americans had become isolationists? • What scandals plagued the Harding Presidency?

  38. Focus: How is the United States culturally diverse?

  39. VI. The Jazz Age • Great Migration - African Americans move from South to North • Tensions escalate in the North • NAACP • Led by W.E.B. Du Bois • Worked on anti-lynching legislation

  40. Marcus Garvey (Jamaican) • Universal Negro Improvement Association • Believed African-Americans should form separate society (move to Africa) • Arrested for mail fraud and deported back to Jamaica

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