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Physical Exams Symposium

Physical Exams Symposium. Measuring fitness. Measuring Fitness. Mark D. Hopkins, M.D. Board-Certified Orthopedic Surgeon. Measuring fitness. Sit ups Push ups Pull ups. Weight Measurement Versus Waist Measurement. Which is better Or should we be doing it another way? Cost Effectiveness

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Physical Exams Symposium

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  1. Physical Exams Symposium Measuring fitness

  2. Measuring Fitness • Mark D. Hopkins, M.D. • Board-Certified Orthopedic Surgeon

  3. Measuring fitness • Sit ups • Push ups • Pull ups

  4. Weight Measurement Versus Waist Measurement • Which is better • Or should we be doing it another way? • Cost Effectiveness • Time Effectiveness

  5. SIT UPS

  6. SIT UPS

  7. SIT UPS

  8. SIT UPS

  9. SIT UPS

  10. SIT UPS

  11. SIT UPS

  12. PUSH UPS

  13. PUSH UPS

  14. PUSH UPS

  15. PULL UPS

  16. MEASURING FITNESS

  17. MEASURING FITNESS

  18. MEASURING FITNESS • In order to measure, we must define…

  19. MEASURING FITNESS • Encarta Definition: The ability of the human body to function with vigor and alertness, without undue fatigue, and with ample energy to engage in leisure activities, and to meet physical stresses.

  20. MEASURING FITNESS • CDC: Set of attributes a person has in regards to a person’s ability to perform physical activities that require aerobic fitness, endurance, strength, or flexibility and is determined by a combination of regular activity and genetically inherited ability.

  21. MEASURING FITNESS

  22. MEASURING FITNESS • Fitness parameters • Cardio-respiratory endurance • Muscular Strength • Muscular endurance • Flexibility • Body Composition

  23. MEASURING FITNESS • Components of fitness: Limit Strength, Starting Strength, Explosive Strength, Agility, Flexibility, Static Balance, Dynamic Balance, Muscular Endurance, Speed Endurance, Cardio-respiratory endurance, Muscle Mass, Percent Body Fat, Freedom from Stress, Freedom from Disease or Injury, Preventive Lifestyle

  24. MEASURING FITNESS

  25. MEASURING FITNESS • Benefits • Decreased risk of hypertension, colon cancer and diabetes • Increased well being • Decreased risk of coronary artery disease • Increased immunity • Decreased incidence of depression

  26. BODY COMPOSITION • Weight – BMI – Body Mass Index Wt in lbs Ht” X Ht” X 703 = BMI 220 lbs 75” X 75” X 703 = 27.5 99.79 kg 1.905M X 1.905M Wt in kg Ht M X Ht M = 27.5 = BMI

  27. BODY COMPOSITION

  28. BODY COMPOSITION • CDC Definitions • Underweight – less than 18.5 • Recommended – 18.6 – 24.9 • Overweight – 25.0 – 29.9 • Obese – 30 or greater • 64.5% of adults in U.S. are overweight

  29. BODY COMPOSITION • Advantages • Easy and inexpensive • Increased BMI correlates with increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, some cancers and osteoarthritis

  30. BODY COMPOSITION • Disadvantages • BMI does not distinguish fat from muscle

  31. BODY COMPOSITION

  32. BODY COMPOSITION

  33. BODY COMPOSITION

  34. BODY COMPOSITION • Waist measurements • Fat around waist – more likely to develop health problems than if around hips and thighs. This is true even if BMI is normal. • Women with waist more than 35 inches • Men with waist more than 40 inches

  35. BODY COMPOSITION • Body fat percentage • May be a better measure of risk American Council of Exercise Guidelines women men Essential fat 10-12% 2-4% Athletes 14-20% 6-13% Fitness 21-24% 14-17% Acceptable 25-31% 18-25% Obese 32% 26%

  36. BODY COMPOSITION

  37. BODY COMPOSITION • Measuring body fat Skin fold: accuracy varies greatly based on user’s abilities BIA: Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis accuracy 8% plus or minus Cadaver analysis: The only direct method, but impractical HW: Hydrostatic Weighing: gold standard, not easy, expensive DXA: Dual energy xray absorpiometry, low dose radiation exposure, trained tech, expensive equipment BODPOD: new, expensive technology

  38. BODY COMPOSITION • Do you feel lost?

  39. CARTILAGE REGENERATION • Reversing the aging process… • HTO, microfracture, OATS, carticel, chondroitin, glucosamine, hyaluronase, gene therapy

  40. CARTILAGE REGENERATION • Divided into relieving load bearing, with secondary repair, metabolic engineering, direct and indirect repair, transplantation and direct chondrocyte cell DNA modification

  41. CARTILAGE REGENERATION HTO, High Tibial Osteotomy

  42. CARTILAGE REGENERATION • Microfracture

  43. CRATILAGE REGENERATION • OATS – Osteochondral autograft resurfacing mosaicplasty

  44. CARTILAGE REGENERATION • OATS

  45. CARTILAGE REGENERATION • Carticel

  46. CARTILAGE REGENERATION • Chondroitin Analysis of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate Content in Marketed Products and the Caco-2 Permeability of Chondroitin Sulfate Raw Materials Abimbola O. Adebowale, PhD, Donna S. Cox, MS, Zhongming Liang, MS, Natalie D. Eddington, PhD,* Pharmacokinetics-Biopharmaceutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland

  47. CARTILAGE REGENERATION • Glucosamine

  48. CARTILAGE REGENERATION • Hyaluronase

  49. CARTILAGE REGENERATION • Gene therapy

  50. QUESTIONS?

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