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Suicide statistics

http://www.afsp.org/index.cfm?page_id=04ea1254-bd31-1fa3-c549d77e6ca6aa37 http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide_rates/en. Suicide statistics. Anthropological Theory Bronislaw malinowski. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f22VsAlOwbc. Bronislaw Malinowski.

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Suicide statistics

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  1. http://www.afsp.org/index.cfm?page_id=04ea1254-bd31-1fa3-c549d77e6ca6aa37http://www.afsp.org/index.cfm?page_id=04ea1254-bd31-1fa3-c549d77e6ca6aa37 http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide_rates/en Suicide statistics

  2. Anthropological TheoryBronislawmalinowski

  3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f22VsAlOwbc Bronislaw Malinowski

  4. Born: Krakow, Poland on April 7, 1884 • Parents: Lucyan & Jozefa Malinowski • Family: Upper-class • Very cultured • Scholarly Bronislaw Malinowski

  5. Ph.D. in Philosophy, Physics, and Mathematics • University of Krakow in 1908 • 1913: Lectured at London School of Economics • Ph.D. in Science in 1916 Malinowski: Education

  6. Founded:Functionalism • Social Anthropology • All components of society interlock to form a well-balanced system Malinowski

  7. Britain: Reaction to 19th c. evolution • Shift from Socialchange • Evolution • To • Social stability • How societies stayed the same Functionalism

  8. World->Colonies • Problem: Ruling native people? • Required: • Practical knowledge of social & political structures Social Context for Functionalism

  9. Research focus: Functioning of social systems • Information served colonial administration • Focus: Maintaining order & stability Social Context for Functionalism

  10. Social Structure = Enduring patterns of social relationships • Function: Society= Organism • Parts work together to maintain system • Emphasis on equilibrium • Change->Upsets the equilibrium Britain – Social Anthropology

  11. Emphasized characteristics of: • Beliefs • Ceremonies • Customs • Institutions • Religion • Ritual • Sexual taboos Malinowski Introduction

  12. First field study came in 1915-18 • Studied the Trobriand Islanders of New Guinea in the southwest Pacific • Used holistic approach to study natives’ social interactions including: • Annual Kula Ring Exchange Malinowski Introduction

  13. 1915 WW I started • Remained in New Guinea for duration of the war • Lived with Trobriand Islanders • Became a well-known anthropologist • 1922 Argonauts of the Western Pacific Bronislaw Malinowski

  14. Society: Functions to meet needs of individuals • All people have these needs • 3 Levels of Needs: 1. Biological 2. Instrumental 3. Integrative malinowskiBiopsychological Functionalism

  15. These fundamental needs must be supplied by culture Anthropologists could study the ways in which a culture meets these needs for its people. Biopsychological Functionalism

  16. 1. Biologicalneeds: • Nutrition • Reproduction • Bodily comforts • Safety • Relaxation • Movement Biopsychological Functionalism

  17. 2. Instrumental needs: • Law • Education malinowskiBiopsychological Functionalism

  18. 3. Integrative needs: • Religion • Art Biopsychological Functionalism

  19. Culture provides: • Stability, cohesion, and physical survival through: • Myths • Symbols • Rituals Biopsychological Functionalism

  20. Characteristics of Malinowski’s method • Lived as a native among natives • Watched them daily at work and at play • Conversations with them their language • Information from personal observation • Statements directly by the natives Trobriands Study

  21. Documents people’s routine daily lives • Explores a cultural group • Live with group being studied, or spends a lot of time with them • “Guiding question” that evolves during the study MW What is an Ethnography?

  22. Unobtrusive Identify geographical & temporal location To reveal little known societies To obtain insider’s view Understand point of view from inside the group goals of Ethnography

  23. Identify behavior patterns • Make reader understand perspective of native • Understand: • Context • Complexity • Politics of social processes goals of Ethnography

  24. Accuracy ofinformation • Complexity of information • Careful Observation • Speak native language • No contact with white people • Seek information naturally • Instead of through informants Guidelines for doing Ethnographic Work

  25. Trobriand Kula Ring

  26. HOLISM: Kula is an exchange system in Trobriand Islands: • Politics • Alliance formation • Prestige • Feasting • Economic trade • Magic • Contributes to the integration of society

  27. Ethnographic work (Holism): Deal with the totality—an anatomy of culture • To study only religion (or technology) creates an artificial field of inquiry Kula

  28. Ethnology introduced law & order into what seemed chaotic & freakish • Transformed sensational, wild & unaccountable world of “savages” into a number of well-ordered communities • Key: Society exists to fulfill the needs of the individual Making the Strange Familiar

  29. Subsistence--fishing and yam agriculture • Matrilineal society: Descent traced from mother’s line • Inheritancepasses from mother’s brother to sister’s son • Brother required to gift (yams) his sister’s family TROBRIAND ISLANDERS

  30. Most spectacular and prestigious exchanges occurred between islands • Known as kula • Involved long sailing expeditions across open sea Exchange and Trade

  31. Separation between utilitarian exchange (gimwali) and ceremonial exchanges (kula) • Kula: Exchange of ceremonial items: soulava (necklaces) and mwali (armbands) • Items not kept permanently • At most 1 or 2 years • Possession of famous kula items brings person renown & prestige Basic Features of the Kula

  32. Partners in the kula were lifelong trading partners obliged to each other for: • Hospitality • Help • Assistance • Minor kula exchanges within a group of islands preceded major expeditions. • Usually one overseas trading expedition per year. Features of the Kula

  33. Prow of a Kula Canoe, c. 1993

  34. Two types of Kula gifts • Symbolic value 1. Shell-disc necklaces (Soulava) that are traded to the north (circling the ring in clockwise direction) 2. Shell armbands (Mwali) that are traded in the southern direction (circling counter-clockwise). Features of the Kula

  35. 2 TYPES OF GIFTS Soulava Mwali

  36. A founding father of British social anthropology • British anthropology paradigm shift: • From speculative and historical (evolutionary) to • The ahistorical study of social institutions Malinowski’s contributions(1884-1942)

  37. Greatest contribution as an ethnographer • Importance of studying social behavior incultural contexts • Participant-observation • Consider observable differences between norms and action: • Between what people say they do and what they actually do Malinowski’s contributions

  38. Detailed descriptions of Trobriand social life and thought • Kinship & Marriage (e.g., "sociological paternity“ vs“biological”) • In economic anthropology • (e.g., “Reciprocity") • Explain human economic behavior using both economics and anthropology Malinowski’s contributions

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