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Stereoscopic Imaging Systems

Stereoscopic Imaging Systems. Three-Dimensional Television F. Chen, H. Azari University of Alberta Department of Computing Science January 2008. What can you find?. Outline. Human Depth Perception Factors Some Considerations in 3DTV Three Dimensional Presentation Techniques

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Stereoscopic Imaging Systems

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  1. Stereoscopic Imaging Systems Three-Dimensional Television F. Chen, H. Azari University of Alberta Department of Computing Science January 2008

  2. What can you find?

  3. Outline • Human Depth Perception Factors • Some Considerations in 3DTV • Three Dimensional Presentation Techniques • Distortions In 3D Presentation • Multiview Image Sequences • Coding and Signal Processing Technology • How Viewing Zone Is Formed in 3DTV? • Applications and Conclusion Remarks

  4. Section Outline • Human Depth Perception Factors • Why We Can See Three Dimensional? • Why We Can See Stereo TV • Which One Is Better For Us, 2D Or 3D? • Some Considerations in 3DTV • Three Dimensional Presentation Techniques • Distortions In 3D Presentation • Multiview Image Sequences • Coding and Signal Processing Technology • How Viewing Zone Is Formed in 3DTV? • Applications and Conclusion Remarks

  5. Binocular (Stereoscopic) Vision Binocular parallax Convergence Monocular Vision Accommodation Motion Parallax Occlusion Relative size Light and Shade Horizon line Aerial perspective Linear perspective Texture gradient Why We Can See Three-Dimensional

  6. Why We Can See the Stereo TV?

  7. Why We Can See the Stereo TV? • The relation of the depth and the disparity length

  8. Which One Is Better, 2D or 3D? • Comparison of psychological effects between 2-D and 3-D images • Sensation of Power • Total picture quality

  9. Which One Is Better, 2D or 3D? • Objective evaluation of Psychological Effect • The body sway of the viewer is tracked, measured and analyzed.

  10. Eye Fatigue Geometry, luminance and chrominance differences between the right and left images Parallax that is very large or that rapidly changes spatially or temporally Inconsistency between accommodation and convergence Which One Is Better, 2D or 3D?

  11. Which One Is Better, 2D or 3D? • Inconsistency between accommodation and convergence

  12. Which One Is Better, 2D or 3D? • Inconsistency between accommodation and convergence

  13. Section Outline • Human Depth Perception Factors • Some Considerations in 3DTV • Aspect ratio • Bandwidth • Cross-Talk Level • Geometry Distortions and Signal Differences • Number of viewing points • Suitable Scanning Method • Three Dimensional Presentation Techniques • Distortions In 3D Presentation • Multiview Image Sequences • Coding and Signal Processing Technology • How Viewing Zone Is Formed in 3DTV? • Applications and Conclusion Remarks

  14. Some Considerations in 3DTV • Aspect Ratio

  15. Some Considerations in 3DTV • Bandwidth

  16. Some Considerations in 3DTV • Cross-Talk Level

  17. Some Considerations in 3DTV • Acceptable Tolerance Geometrical Distortions and Signal Differences • Caused by insufficient positioning of two cameras and/or different focal distance of them • Acceptable tolerance: • Geometry distortion: camera rotation error of 0.5deg, lens focal distance of 1% • Contrast differences: signal-level differences of 1.5dB(white level) and 0.1dB(black level)

  18. Some Considerations in 3DTV • Number of View points • Flipping • 60 viewing points are needed. • If the image is not very large, nine viewing points are considered adequate.

  19. Some Considerations in 3DTV • Suitable Scanning Method

  20. Section Outline • Human Depth Perception Factors • Some Considerations in 3DTV • Three Dimensional Presentation Techniques • Stereoscopic vs. Non-Stereoscopic Methods • Projection-Type vs. Display-Type • Parallax Barrier and Lenticular Displays • Comparison Between Different Techniques • Distortions In 3D Presentation • Multiview Image Sequences • Coding and Signal Processing Technology • How Viewing Zone Is Formed in 3DTV? • Applications and Conclusion Remarks

  21. Non-Stereoscopic Methods Holography Volumetric (3D Pixels) Laser-Beam Scanning Psychological Stereoscopic Methods Eye-Glasses Stereoscopic Color filters Polarizing filters shutter glasses Autostereoscopic Display-Type Lenticular Parallax Barrier Integral Photography (IP) Grating Array Plates Projection-Type Fresnel Lenz Holographic Screen Spherical Mirror 3D-Image Presentation Methods

  22. Eye-Glasses Stereoscopic • Left: polarizing glasses • Center: red-blue anaglyph • Right: PC shutter-glasses

  23. Parallax Barrier

  24. Lenticular

  25. Comparison Between 3D-Methods

  26. Characteristics of the Optical Plates

  27. Section Outline • Human Depth Perception Factors • Some Considerations in 3DTV • Three Dimensional Presentation Techniques • Distortions In 3D Presentation • Distortions Source • Methods of Reducing Distortions • Multiview Image Sequences • Coding and Signal Processing Technology • How Viewing Zone Is Formed in 3DTV? • Applications and Conclusion Remarks

  28. Distortions in Perceived Stereoscopic Images • Distortion:Differences between the perceived 3D-image and the actual 3D-scene • Distortion Source:Differences between photographing and viewing conditions • Geometrical: e.g. Keystone and Nonlinearity • Psychophysical: e.g. Puppet-theater and Cardboard

  29. Distortion Solutions • Using stereo camera having parallel configuration and stereo base equal to human eyes distance and preserving photographing and displaying condition the same Ortho-stereoscopic Conditions

  30. Distortion Solutions Increasing number of views (providing motion parallax)

  31. Section Outline • Human Depth Perception Factors • Some Considerations in 3DTV • Three Dimensional Presentation Techniques • Distortions In 3D Presentation • Multiview Image Sequences • Time Multiplexing • Spatial Multiplexing • Coding and Signal Processing Technology • How Viewing Zone Is Formed in 3DTV? • Applications and Conclusion Remarks

  32. Multiview Image Sequences Time-Wise Arrangement (Time Multiplexing)

  33. Multiview Image Sequences Spatial Arrangement (Spatial Multiplexing)

  34. Section Outline • Human Depth Perception Factors • Some Considerations in 3DTV • Three Dimensional Presentation Techniques • Distortions In 3D Presentation • Multiview Image Sequences • Coding and Signal Processing Technology • Coding Technologies • 3D Coding by MPEG • Disparity Detection in 3D Pictures • 2D to 3D Conversion • How Viewing Zone Is Formed in 3DTV? • Applications and Conclusion Remarks

  35. Coding and Signal Processing Technology • Coding Technology • Low-level (mature) • Motion compensation + waveform coding + symbol coding • Middle-level (potential) • Processing of areas, layers, surfaces, depths, occlusions, and motions. • High-level (hard to achieve) • Model-base coding

  36. Coding and Signal Processing Technology • 3-D coding by MPEG • Right and left channel individually coding • Simple • Symmetry • Utilization of right-left correlation for coding. • Difficult • Asymmetry (6Mbit/s, 3; 4.5, 4.5) • More favorably picture quality • Compatibility

  37. Coding and Signal Processing Technology Disparity in stereo pair (3D) pictures

  38. Coding and Signal Processing Technology Disparity detection in stereo pair

  39. Coding and Signal Processing Technology • 2D – 3D Conversion • Insufficient stereoscopic programs • For moving picture, motion vector. • For still picture, area must be detected. • Then combine the two type pictures together.

  40. Section Outline • Human Depth Perception Factors • Some Considerations in 3DTV • Three Dimensional Presentation Techniques • Distortions In 3D Presentation • Multiview Image Sequences • Coding and Signal Processing Technology • How Viewing Zone Is Formed in 3DTV? • Geometry of Forming Viewing Zone • Perceivable Depth • PLS, Pinhole, and Microlens Arrays • Forming Viewing Zone in Projection-Type Techniques • Applications and Conclusion Remarks

  41. Forming Viewing Zone

  42. Obtainable Image Depth with PLS

  43. Configurations of PLS, Pinhole and Microlens Arrays

  44. Projection Type Auto-Stereoscopic Imaging Systems

  45. Section Outline • Human Depth Perception Factors • Some Considerations in 3DTV • Three Dimensional Presentation Techniques • Distortions In 3D Presentation • Multiview Image Sequences • Coding and Signal Processing Technology • How Viewing Zone Is Formed in 3DTV? • Applications and Conclusion Remarks

  46. Medicine Distance 3D consultations and operations 3D observing diagnostics Data visualization CAD3/CAM4 design Chemical and genetic molecular modeling Entertainment 3D movie, 3D games, and 3D imaging Cartography and meteorology Geographic information systems Weather forecasting Industry 3D precise modeling of engine details Space and aircraft design simulations Architecture Interior and exterior design Structural analysis and building modeling 3D-Image Presentation Applications

  47. Thank you

  48. References • Bahram Javidi, Fomio Okano [editors], “Three-Dimensional Television, Video, and Display Technologies”, Springer, 2002. • N. Holliman, “3D display systems”, Department of Computer Science, University of Durham, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE; Feb 2, 2005; http://www.dur.ac.uk/n.s.holliman/Presentations/3dv3-0.pdf • Zhivko Yordanov, “Optimal Sub-Pixel arrangements and coding for ultra-high resolution three-dimensional OLED displays”, doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the University Kassel, 2007 • P. J. H. Seuntins, “Visual experience of 3D TV”, Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 2006, Proefschrift. http://alexandria.tue.nl/extra2/200610884.pdf • Anthony Vetro, Wojciech Matusik, Hanspeter Pfister, Jun Xin, “Coding approach for end-to-end 3D-TV systems”, Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Cambridge, MA.

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