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Peace Architecture:

Peace Architecture:. Processes, structures, chronologies and trends. Peace Architecture.

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Peace Architecture:

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  1. Peace Architecture: Processes, structures, chronologies and trends

  2. Peace Architecture Peace and conflict transformation processes reveal similar needs, phases, features and chronologies (though every conflict and process is distinct). We examine the multiplicity of processes and structures that characterize peace and conflict transformation processes, examining examples from 4 countries: South Africa, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Lebanon

  3. Peace Architecture Needs, Phases, Structures & Features Dialogue and Negotiations Processes Needs Monitoring and Implementation Mechanisms Typical Phases Cessation of Hostilities Securing the Process Process/Agenda Setting Conflict Structures& Features Between parties or groups, e.g. government and rebel/resistance/liberation movements. Initial contact , e.g. through back channels, 3rd party, etc. Ceasefire Agreements Joint or unilateral structures set up to secure the process (esp.) ceasefire, and manage/support their involvement in the process Parties agree on process (e.g. venue, timelines,etc.) for negotiations and develop agenda and conditions for talks.

  4. Peace Architecture Needs, Phases, Structures & Features, cont. Dialogue and Negotiations Processes Needs Monitoring and Implementation Mechanisms State and Constitutional Reform Typical Phases Formal Negotiations Negotiated Settlement Interim Structures Elections/Referendum On Agreements Structures & Features Usually in multiple phases, often with 3rd party mediation. Several attempts ending in failure. e.g. Comprehensive Peace Accords, etc. Joint or unilateral structures set up to manage participation in process National referendum or other means of securing broader support and engagement of popular constituencies.

  5. Peace Architecture Needs, Phases, Structures & Features, cont. Dialogue and Negotiations Processes Needs Monitoring and Implementation Mechanisms State and Constitutional Reform Transitional Justice Typical Phases Legislative Elections Constituent Assembly Reparations/ Amnesty Legislative/ Popular Review Structures & Features Including parties that were previously excluded or alternatively to the Elected, appointed or nominated body to carry forward process of developing new national constitution, often in consultation with broader body politic. Process through which broader support of reform efforts is secured. Joint structures operating with varying degrees of transparency negotiating and/or investigating past human rights abuses, with or without power to prosecute or grant partial amnestry and reparations.

  6. Peace Architecture Needs, Phases, Structures & Features, cont. Needs Monitoring and Implementation Mechanisms State and Constitutional Reform Transitional Justice Typical Phases Development, Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Military Integration Structures & Features Description Often conducted with strong involvement of international community.

  7. Peace Architecture: The Diverse Roles of Structures Country Profiles: Sri Lanka: Negotiations Processes & Uni-lateral Structures Lebanon: Dialogue Processes and Joint Structures Nepal: Arms Management and Monitoring Structures South Africa: Joint Structures

  8. Peace Architecture Negotiations Processes – Sri Lanka Conclusion: A Negotiations Process Almost Destined for Failure

  9. National Peace Secretariat (GOSL) LTTE Peace Secretariat Muslim Peace Secretariat Peace Architecture Unilateral Structures Predominated in Sri Lanka OFFICIAL TALKS (Mediated by Norway) Sri Lankan Monitoring Mission (SLMM) International body to monitor 2002 ceasefire. Local Monitoring Committees Local Sri Lankan Committees Monitoring Ceasefire Infractions Sub-Committee for Immediate Humanitarian and Rehabilitation Needs SIHRN) Sub-Committee on De-escalation and Normalization (SDN) ONE TEXT INITIATIVE (OTI) Confidential multi-stakeholder dialogue process. Joint Structures Source:

  10. Peace Architecture Dialogue Process: Lebanon Dialogue Processes Can Contribute in Parallel to Ongoing Political Processes in Entrenched Conflicts

  11. Peace Architecture Joint Structures: Lebanon Temporary Joint Peace Structures Can Fill Unique Role Linking Often Fractured Relationships Among Official Stakeholders

  12. Peace Architecture Monitoring Joint Structure: Nepal International Multi-lateral Actors Provide Essential Support to Joint Structures addressing Management of Arms and Combatants

  13. Peace Architecture Joint Structures: South Africa 1 South Africa’s National Peace Accord in 1991 created a national network of multi-level structures to secure and implement the agreement. Diagram Source: Chris Spies, Conciliation Resources, 2002

  14. Peace Architecture Joint Structures: South Africa 3 South Africa’s Multi-Party Negotiations Process (MPNP), formed in April 1993 in the wake of the failure of CODESA I and II created a more comprehensive and effective set of institutions with non-partisan technical advisors who facilitated and accelerated the process. Source: Adapted from Ebrahim, H. (1998). The Soul of a Nation: Constitution-making in South Africa, Cape Town: Oxford University Press, p.152, as found at www.sahistory.org

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