Objectives

1. Section 3 Fungi and Humans Chapter 26 Objectives • Describethree ways that fungi cause disease in humans. • Listthree ways that fungi contribute to good health. • Provideexamples of fungi’s industrial importance. • Listthree types of food that fungi provide.

2. Section 3 Fungi and Humans Chapter 26 Human Fungal Diseases • Fungi can cause disease in humans when humans inhale airborne spores, when they eat food contaminated by toxic fungi, when toxic fungi come in contact with skin, or when they accidentally eat poisonous mushrooms.

3. Section 3 Fungi and Humans Chapter 26 Human Fungal Diseases Common Fungal Infections • Examples of common fungal infections include ringworm, athlete’s foot, and yeast infection.

4. Section 3 Fungi and Humans Chapter 26 Human Fungal Diseases, continued Other Fungal Illnesses • Pathogenic fungi that cause serious disease include Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Coccidioides immitis. • H. capsulatum is associated with bird feces.

5. Section 3 Fungi and Humans Chapter 26 Fungi in Industry • Various fungi are used in the production of vitamin B2, cortisone, penicillin and other antibiotics, and some genetically engineered drugs.

6. Section 3 Fungi and Humans Chapter 26 Fungi in Industry, continued Fungi and Food Industries • Fungi are used in the production of familiar foods such as cheeses, bread, beer, wines, and soy products.

7. Chapter 26 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice 1. What are fungi that feed on decaying organic matter called? A. parasites B. mutualists C. symbionts D. saprophytes

8. Chapter 26 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 1. What are fungi that feed on decaying organic matter called? A. parasites B. mutualists C. symbionts D. saprophytes

9. Chapter 26 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 2. Lichens represent a symbiotic association between a fungus and which other type of organism? F. an alga G. a plant H. a mold J. a rhizoid

10. Chapter 26 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 2. Lichens represent a symbiotic association between a fungus and which other type of organism? F. an alga G. a plant H. a mold J. a rhizoid

11. Chapter 26 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 3. In a mycorrhiza, a fungus lives in a symbiotic relationship with which of the following? A. a virus B. a plant C. a bacterium D. a slime mold

12. Chapter 26 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 3. In a mycorrhiza, a fungus lives in a symbiotic relationship with which of the following? A. a virus B. a plant C. a bacterium D. a slime mold

13. Chapter 26 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued The diagram below shows the fruiting bodies of a type of fungus. Use the diagram to answer the questions that follow.

14. Chapter 26 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 4. What is the structure labeled X called? F. a hypha G. a zygote H. a sporangium J. a sporangiospore

15. Chapter 26 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 4. What is the structure labeled X called? F. a hypha G. a zygote H. a sporangium J. a sporangiospore

16. Chapter 26 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 5. To what phylum does the fungus in the diagram above belong? A. Ascomycota B. Zygomycota C. Basidiomycota D. fungi imperfecti

17. Chapter 26 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 5. To what phylum does the fungus in the diagram above belong? A. Ascomycota B. Zygomycota C. Basidiomycota D. fungi imperfecti

18. Chapter 26 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 6. septa : septum :: asci : F. ascus G. ascocarp H. ascospore J. ascogonium

19. Chapter 26 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 6. septa : septum :: asci : F. ascus G. ascocarp H. ascospore J. ascogonium

20. Chapter 26 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued The diagram below shows the typical structure of a member of the phylum Basidiomycota. Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows.

21. Chapter 26 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 7. Which structure is responsible for meeting the food requirements of the organism shown? A. F B. G C. H D. J

22. Chapter 26 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 7. Which structure is responsible for meeting the food requirements of the organism shown? A. F B. G C. H D. J

23. Chapter 26 Standardized Test Prep Short Response Fungi are important decomposers that break down organic matter. Explain how fungi contribute to nutrient recycling in the environment.

24. Chapter 26 Standardized Test Prep Short Response, continued Fungi are important decomposers that break down organic matter. Explain how fungi contribute to nutrient recycling in the environment. Answer: Fungi break down organic compounds in decaying material, making the chemicals available for other organisms.

25. Chapter 26 Standardized Test Prep Extended Response Base your answers to parts A & B on the information below. Fungi are major competitors with humans for food. Part A Explain what needs humans and fungi have in common. Part B Explain why fungi could easily win the battle for nutrients.

26. Chapter 26 Standardized Test Prep Extended Response, continued Answer: Part A Fungi and humans both need water and other nutrients from the environment. They both depend on autotrophs for food. Part BFungi are able to reproduce more rapidly than humans.