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Theme 2: The theoretical eye

Theme 2: The theoretical eye. Form and dimensions of the eye Optical constants of the eye Optical Geometry applied to the eye Schematic model of the eye Pupils of the eye. Form and dimensions of the eye. Sphere of 12 mm radius.

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Theme 2: The theoretical eye

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  1. Theme 2: The theoretical eye • Form and dimensions of the eye • Optical constants of the eye • Optical Geometry applied to the eye • Schematic model of the eye • Pupils of the eye

  2. Form and dimensions of the eye • Sphere of 12 mm radius. • Transparent anterior cap, fragment of a sphere of 8 mm radius. • Distance between the centers 5mm.

  3. Form and dimensions of the eye • Cornea • Pupil • Lens (crystalline) • Retina • Fovea • Optical nerve

  4. Form and dimensions of the eye • Anterior chamber. Between the cornea and the iris. Contains the aqueous humor. • Posterior chamber. Between the iris, the ciliary body, and the crystalline lens. Contains the aqueous humor. • Vitreous body. Between the crystalline lens and the retina. Contains the vitreous humor.

  5. Optical constants of the eye • cornea (r1c , r2c) • crystalline (r1L , r2L, ....) • Thicknesses: • Cornea (ec) • Anterior chamber • Posterior chamber • Crystalline (eh) • Vitreous body • Refractive indices: • Cornea (nC) • Aqueous humor (nha) • Crystalline (nL) • Vitreous humor (nhv) • The radii of the surfaces’ curvature:

  6. Geometric optics applied to the eye • Vergences Vergence: refractive index divided by the distance x’>0 X’>0 convergence x<0 X<0 divergence Unit Diopters

  7. Geometric optics applied to the eye • Vergences Power of an optical system: Vergence of the image focal distance Power of a spherical dioptric:

  8. Geometric optics applied to the eye • Vergences Relationships of conjugation (origin of principal planes. Gauss equation)

  9. n1 n1’=n2 n2’ Geometric optics applied to the eye Power of a dioptric The joining of two optical systems

  10. n1 n1’=n2 n2’ H1=H1’ H2=H2’ F1 F’2 F’1 F2 f’1 f1 f2 f’2 Geometric optics applied to the eye Cardinal elements Principal planes and points

  11. n1 n1’=n2 n2’ H H F F’ f’ f Geometric optics applied to the eye Cardinal elements Focal planes and points

  12. Schematic model of the eye • Schematic model of the eye: “Representation of the eye as an optical system working in the paraxial zone within the frame of geometric optics.” Procedure in order to obtain a schematic model • Geometric representation of the cornea. • Geometric representation of the crystalline. • Geometric representation of the complete eye. • (Association cornea and crystalline). • Obtaining the pupils.

  13. Schematic model of the eye The cornea:Geometric representation Le Grand model

  14. Schematic model of the eye The cornea:Geometric representation Power Power of the first surface Power of the second suface

  15. Schematic model of the eye The cornea:Geometric representation Power Joining distance Total power of the cornea

  16. Schematic model of the eye The cornea:Geometric representation Cardinal elements Principal planes and points

  17. Schematic model of the eye The cornea:Geometric representation Cardinal elements Focal distances

  18. Schematic model of the eye The cornea:Geometric representation Simplified cornea The principal planes are very close. Thus, the cornea can approximate to just one surface

  19. Schematic model of the eye The crystalline:Geometric representation Le Grand model

  20. Schematic model of the eye The crystalline: Geometric representation Power Power of the first surface Power of the second surface

  21. Schematic model of the eye The crystalline: Geometric representation Power Joining distance Total power of the crystalline

  22. Schematic model of the eye The crystalline: Geometric representation Cardinal elements Principal points and planes

  23. Schematic model of the eye The crystalline: Geometric representation Cardinal elements Focal distances

  24. Schematic model of the eye The complete eye: Geometric representation Power Joining distance Total power of the eye

  25. Schematic model of the eye The complete eye: Geometric representation Cardinal elements Principal points and planes

  26. Schematic model of the eye The complete eye: Geometric representation Cardinal elements Focal distances

  27. Schematic model of the eye The complete eye: Geometric representation Eye: 1 dioptric SHo=1.59 mm1.75mm SH’o=1.91 mm1.75mm Reduced schematic model (Listing)

  28. The pupils of the eye The aperture of the diaphragm (DA) of an optical system is the orifice that limits the extention of the beam of light that penetrates it coming from an object point. The DA limits the passage of light through the system. The iris is the diaphragm of the eye.

  29. The pupils of the eye Entrance pupil Entrance pupil: Image of the iris through the cornea Optical system to keep in mind: Cornea The method of calculation that we will use consists in obtaining the anti-image of the iris through the cornea.

  30. The pupils of the eye Entrance pupil Position Size

  31. The pupils of the eye Exit pupil Exit pupil: image of the iris through the crystalline Optical system to keep in mind: Crystalline Position Size

  32. The pupils of the eye Exit pupil Entrance pupil: 0.56 mm in front of the iris, 13% greater Exit pupil: 0.08 mm behind the iris, 4% greater

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