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Skeletal System

Skeletal System. Functions: 1) Supports body 2) Protects internal organs 3) Provides for movement 4) Stores mineral reserves 5) Provides a site for blood cell formation. Skeletal System. Has 206 bones Divided into two sections: 1) Axial : skull, vertebral column, ribs, and

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Skeletal System

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  1. Skeletal System Functions: 1) Supports body 2) Protects internal organs 3) Provides for movement 4) Stores mineral reserves 5) Provides a site for blood cell formation

  2. Skeletal System • Has 206 bones • Divided into two sections: 1) Axial: skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum 2) Appendicular: all other bones

  3. Structure of Bones • Bones are living tissue!! • Periosteum– tough layer of connective tissue surrounding bone • Compact bone – beneath the periosteum (dense but not solid) • Haversian canals– tubes that run through compact bone and contain blood vessels and nerves

  4. Structure of Bones • Spongy bone – inside outer layer of compact bone • Osteocytes – digest away old bone • Osteoclasts – maintain healthy bone • Osteoblasts – make new bone

  5. 3-D Section of Bone Tissue

  6. Bone Homeostasis • 1.Most of our skeleton is constantly being broken down, and built back up • 2.Amount of bone built up = amount of bone broken down • 3.This balance of breakdown and buildup is called bone homeostasis

  7. Bone marrow – soft tissue center of bone • Maintains the balance of minerals • Serves as a storage for minerals (Ca, P) • Two Types: 1) Yellow – made mostly of fats, aids in Red Blood Cell (RBC) production 2) Red – produces RBCs, white BC, and cells to help clotting

  8. Skeletal Development • The skeleton of the embryo is made of cartilage • Bone begins to replace cartilage by 9th week of development (known as ossification)

  9. Joints • Joints – where two or more bones meet • Most allow movement • Some are fixed (no movement): skull

  10. Pelvis, Sexual Dimorphism

  11. Types of Joints • Five types: • Ball and socket: allows rotational movements (shoulder, hip) Ball and Socket Movement

  12. Types of Joints, Cont’d 2) Pivot: bones twist against each other (atlas and axis of your vertebrae) Pivot Joint in Arm

  13. Types of Joints Cont’d 3) Hinge: back and forth movements much like a door (elbow, knee)

  14. Types of Joints 4) Gliding: bones slide against each other (wrist) 5) Saddle: Freely moveable joint found only in the thumb

  15. Joint support • Ligaments: bands of tissue that connect bone to bone • Surrounds joints with wide range of motion and little skeletal support • Cartilage: covers bone ends and allows for smooth movement. Can also be found in joint to provide cushion (meniscus) • Bursa: sacs of fluid that act as shock absorbers • Tendons: bands of tissue that connect muscle to bone (patella tendon, Achilles)

  16. Problems with Skeletal System - Breaks • Complete/Incomplete (Greenstick) • Displaced • Simple/Compound (breaks skin) • Impacted or Comminuted • Spiral • Hairline

  17. Breaks - Complete & Displaced

  18. Breaks - Incomplete/Greenstick

  19. Breaks - Spiral

  20. Breaks - Compound

  21. Breaks - Comminuted

  22. Breaks - Hairline

  23. Osteoporosis

  24. Problems with Skeletal System -Rheumatoid arthritis • Inflammation in joints • Redness, warmth, swelling, pain, fatigue • Occurs on both sides of body • Genetic, environmental, hormonal factors; immune system attacks the joints and other organs

  25. Rheumatoid arthritis

  26. Problems with Skeletal System - Dislocation Normal Dislocated

  27. Dislocation Normal Dislocated

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