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Male Reproductive System

Male Reproductive System. Veterinary anatomy. Male Reproductive System. The male reproductive system consists of the Scrotum Testes Spermatic cord Excurrent duct system Epididymis Ductus deference Urethra Accessory sex glands Penis. Scrotum. Functions Thermoregulation

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Male Reproductive System

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  1. Male Reproductive System Veterinary anatomy

  2. Male Reproductive System The male reproductive system consists of the • Scrotum • Testes • Spermatic cord • Excurrent duct system • Epididymis • Ductus deference • Urethra • Accessory sex glands • Penis

  3. Scrotum • Functions • Thermoregulation • Sweat glands • Thermosensetive nerves • Protection and support of testis

  4. The scrotum is a two lobed sack. It protects and supports the testes and is required for proper temperature regulation. • The scrotum consists of four major layer. They are: 1) the skin. 2) the tunica dartos • Smooth muscle • Elevate testes for a sustained period of time in response to temperature or stress 3) the scrotal fascia 4) parietal tunica vaginalis - The scrotal skin is heavily populated with sweat glands. These sweat glands are required for maintenance of proper testicular temperature. Sweating allows the scrotum to be cooled by evaporative heat transfer.

  5. Scrotum • Descent of testes into scrotum • Timing: • Sheep / cattle = midgestation • Humans / horses = just before or after birth

  6. Testes • Functions • Produce male germ cells (spermatozoa) • Produce testosterone, inhibin and estrogen

  7. Testes Structure: Testicular capsule Parenchyma Mediastinum Rete tubules (rete testis) Efferent ductules

  8. Testes - Structure 1- Testicular capsule 1)Tunica vaginalis • Visceral • Parietal 2) Tunica albuginea

  9. Testis

  10. Testes - Structure 2- Parenchyma A- Tubular compartment • Seminiferous tubules B- Interstitial compartment • Leydig cells • Capillaries • Lymphatic vessels • Connective tissue

  11. Testes - Structure 3- Mediastinum • Central connective tissue core that houses rete tubules 4- Rete tubules (rete testis) • Tiny channels thru which spermatozoa transported out of testis

  12. Testes - Structure 5. Vasa efferentia (efferent ductules) a. Collect sperm from rete testis b. Carry sperm out of testis proper

  13. Testes • Seminiferous tubules • Site of sperm production • Consists of 2 cell types: • Germ cells (eventual sperm cells) • Sertoli or nurse cells

  14. Testes • Sertoli cells • Surround developing germ cells • Provide structural & metabolic support to spermatogenic cells • Produces: • Androgen binding protein (ABP) • Inhibin • Sulfated glycoprotein

  15. Testes • Blood-testis Barriers a. Cells surrounding seminiferous tubules b. Prevent autoimmune reaction from destroying developing germ cells

  16. Testes • Leydig cells • Located between seminiferous tubules • Produce androgens (testosterone)

  17. Epididymis • Three parts • Head (caput) • Body (corpus) • Tail (cauda)

  18. Epididymis - Functions Sperm • Transport • Maturation • Motility • Concentration • Storage • Gains ability of fertilization

  19. Vas Deferens • Ductus deferens or deferent duct • Paired ducts • Ampulla • Wide end of vas deferens • Function • Sperm transport from epididymis to pelvic urethra

  20. Spermatic Cord • spermatic cord extends from the inguinal ring to it’s attachment on the dorsal pole of the testis. It suspends the testis in the scrotum. • The function of the spermatic cord is provides the pathway to and from the body for testicular vasculature, Lymphatic and nerves.

  21. Spermatic Cord • The spermatic cord also houses the ductus deferent, cremaster muscle and specialized vascular network called the pampiniform plexus. • The pampiniform plexus is a vascular structure consisting of an intimately intertwined artery and vein and this structure is important for proper temperature control of the testis

  22. Spermatic Cord - Functions • Suspends testis in scrotum • Pathway to blood vessels, lymphatics, & nerves • Thermoregulation mechanism • Pampiniform plexus • Cremaster muscle • Pulse pressure eliminator

  23. Spermatic Cord

  24. Accessory Sex Glands • Vesicular glands (seminal vesicles) • Prostate gland • Bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s gland) • Ampulla of ductus deference

  25. Vesicular Glands • Paired glands • Located at junction of urethra & vas deferens • Rough structure • Contribute large amount of fluid • Fructose & sorbitol: energy sources • Phosphate & bicarbonate: buffers

  26. Seminal vesicle • Absent in camel, dog and cat. • Lobulated type in ox and pig • Vesicular type in horse. • Shape: • Pyramidal in pig • Elongated and lobulated in ox, sheep and goat • Elongatedsac in horse

  27. Prostate Gland • Located caudal to seminal vesicles and close proximity to pelvic urethra • Bilobed in bull • Diffuse in ram • Surrounds urethra in dogs & humans • Function = cleanse & lubricate and secretes just prior during ejaculation • Only accessory gland in dog

  28. Prostate Gland • The prostate gland of the dog is spherical, smooth and divided into right and left lobes which completely surrounded the urethra. • In the cat the prostate gland has an uneven surface and covers the urethra dorsally and laterally only.

  29. Bulbourethral Glands • Paired glands • Buried under bulbospongiosus muscle • Function: • Cleanse urethra prior to ejaculation • Produce gel fraction • Adds considerable volume

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