The Research Paper

1. The Research Paper Created by M. Bowles January 2005 Arlington High School Arlington, Texas

2. The purpose of this presentation is to help you with the process of writing your research paper. By following these guidelines closely you will avoid committing plagiarism.

3. Plagiarism occurs when a writer uses another person’s ideas or words without giving that person credit. Plagiarism is unethical and illegal. Moreover…

4. …plagiarism will cause you to fail the research paper assignment because…

5. …all English teachers are equipped with highly sensitive plagiarism-sensing equipment.

6. So, pay careful attention to this presentation and get ready for a successful research paper experience!

7. We will cover the following areas: • Source Citations • Source Copies • Works Cited Page • Parenthetical Documentation

8. Source Cards 1 Citation information goes here Put source number here

9. What does “citation” mean? Where you got your information and who gets credit for it: author(s), title(s), publisher, dates, web addresses, etc.

10. This information goes… Sample source card 2 Banks, Ann. "American Memory." 1980. Voices from the Thirties. The Library of Congress. 14 Jan. 2005 <http://lcweb 2. loc. gov/ammem/wpaintro/ exhome. html>. Now watch this!

11. Works Cited …on your Works Cited page! Banks, Ann. "American Memory." 1980. Voices from the Thirties. The Library of Congress. 14 Jan. 2005 <http://lcweb 2. loc. gov/ammem/wpaintro/ exhome. html>.

12. Works Cited 2 Banks, Ann. "American Memory." 1980. Voices from the Thirties. The Library of Congress. 14 Jan. 2005 <http://lcweb 2. loc. gov/ammem/wpaintro/ exhome. html>. Let’s see that again!

13. What if I have more than one source?

14. Ok, let’s say you have 3 sources.

15. 1 2 Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. Philadelphia: Warner Books, 1982. 3 Banks, Ann. "American Memory." 1980. Voices from the Thirties. The Library of Congress. 14 Jan. 2005 <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem /wpaintro/exhome. html>. "A Short History of the TVA." River Systems Operations. Tennessee Valley Authority. 21 Jan. 2005 <http://www.tv a.gov/abouttva/history.htm>

16. 1 Works Cited 3 Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. Philadelphia:Warner Books, 1982. Ok…but aren’t they supposed to be in alphabetical order according to the first item in each citation? They will all go on the Works Cited page. 2 Banks, Ann. "American Memory." 1980. Voices from the Thirties. The Library of Congress.14 Jan. 2005 <http://lcweb2.loc .gov/ammem/ wpaintro /exhome.html >. "A Short History of the TVA." River Systems Operations. Tennessee Valley Authority. 21 Jan. 2005 <http://www. tva.gov/abouttva/history.htm>

17. Ok, now they’re in alphabetical order, but there’s one more thing to do. You have to use hanging indentation. It’s opposite from the way a paragraph is indented. Watch this…

18. Works Cited Voila! Hanging indentation! "A Short History of the TVA." River Systems Operations. Tennessee Valley Authority. 21 Jan. 2005<http://www. tva.gov /abouttva /history.htm> Banks, Ann. "American Memory.“ 1980. Voices from the Thirties. The Library of Congress. 14 Jan. 2005 <http://lcweb2.loc .gov/ammem/ wpaintro/exhome.html >. Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. Philadelphia:Warner Books, 1982.

19. Let’s say you are doing your paper on “The Scottsboro Trial” and you have found a primary source on the internet that you want to use.

20. Be sure to make a source card for the source before doing anything else.

21. web address owner web page title web site title This is the page where the information was found. Get all of the necessary citation information from it for your source card.

22. How are we supposed to know what order the information goes in? 4 "Scottsboro: An American Tragedy." American Experience. 2005. PBS. 31 Jan. 2005 <http://www.pbs.org/ wgbh/amex/scottsboro/>. Here is the resulting source card. You must consult The MLA Handbook. You have a short version in the back of your grammar book, and your teacher has a complete version.

23. Now your source card is done, so you’re ready to start your source copies. Here we go!

24. This part looks good, so you make a photo copy and highlight this area.

25. Important! Number your copy with the same number as the source from which they came! 4

26. If the source is a bookbe sure to put the page number at the bottom of the copy.

27. Just one more thing…If you copy the text verbatim (word for word), you must place quotation marks around it. 4 1

28. Are we always supposed to copy everything verbatim for a research paper? No! In fact it’s usually best to paraphrase the information into your own words using the fewest words possible.

29. Here’s what the card looked like before.

30. 4 Roy Wright’s situation “In 1933, Roy Wright, youngest of the Scottsboro Boys, was held in Birmingham Prison while his co- defendants languished on death row in Kilby Prison in Montgomery. “ We’ll change this…

31. 4 Roy Wright’s situation 1933, Roy Wright, held in Birmingham Prison Roy Wright’s situation …to this.

32. Each note card should only contain one piece of information so that they can all be easily sorted into an appropriate order. Watch this…

33. This card would logically go at the end, since it tells about an event that happened after those on the other 2 cards. 4 Roy Wright’s situation Roy Wright’s Testimony 5 Wright’s release 4 1933, Roy Wright, held in Birmingham Prison “The firstest I knowed anything was wrong, or knowed who else was on that train was when that crowd of white men stopped the train in Paint Rock and took us off. “ July 1937 - Roy Wright released, all charges dropped

34. 4 Roy Wright’s situation Roy Wright’s Testimony 4 5 1933, Roy Wright, held in Birmingham Prison “The firstest I knowed anything was wrong, or knowed who else was on that train was when that crowd of white men stopped the train in Paint Rock and took us off. “ Wright’s release July 1937 - Roy Wright released, all charges dropped

35. 4 Roy Wright’s situation Roy Wright’s Testimony Note: These numbers have nothing to do with the order of the cards. They are the numbers of your sources that you will need to do parenthetical documentation. 4 5 1933, Roy Wright, held in Birmingham Prison Wright’s release July 1937 - Roy Wright released, all charges dropped “The firstest I knowed anything was wrong, or knowed who else was on that train was when that crowd of white men stopped the train in Paint Rock and took us off. “

36. parenthetical parentheses Now let’s move on to documentation (citation in ).

37. Remember those note cards we put in order a minute ago?

38. 4 Roy Wright’s situation Roy Wright’s Testimony 4 5 1933, Roy Wright, held in Birmingham Prison “The firstest I knowed anything was wrong, or knowed who else was on that train was when that crowd of white men stopped the train in Paint Rock and took us off. “ Wright’s release July 1937 - Roy Wright released, all charges dropped Together these 3 cards can form a paragraph, so let’s start with this first one.

39. 4 Roy Wright’s situation 1933, Roy Wright, held in Birmingham Prison Since you paraphrased this information you will need to rewrite it with elaboration in the paper.

40. Roy Wright was one of the boys accused in the Scottsboro incident. In 1933, Roy Wright was being held in the prison in Birmingham. Topic sentence This is information you did not know before you did research. Therefore, you must give credit to the source. Otherwise, you are committing plagiarism.

41. Roy Wright was one of the boys accused in the Scottsboro incident. In 1933, Roy Wright was being held in the prison in Birmingham ( ). You have to go back to the note card and source card to figure out what goes in the parentheses for the parenthetical documentation.

42. Here’s your source number, so…. 4 Roy Wright’s situation 1933, Roy Wright, held in Birmingham Prison

43. This must be the source card that goes with it. 4 American Experience. 2005. PBS. 31 Jan. 2005 <http://www.pbs.org/ wgbh/ amex/scottsboro/>. “Scottsboro: An American Tragedy.”

44. Use the first item in the citation for your parenthetical documentation. 4 American Experience. 2005. PBS. 31 Jan. 2005 <http://www.pbs.org/ wgbh/ amex/scottsboro/>. “Scottsboro: An American Tragedy.”

45. Roy Wright was one of the boys accused in the Scottsboro incident. In 1933, Roy Wright was being held in the prison in Birmingham (“Scottsboro: An American Tragedy”). (“Scottsboro…”). Technically, when a citation is that long you only have to use the first word followed by ellipses. Watch…

46. Now that we’ve done one citation correctly, let’s continue writing the paper.

47. Where did we put those 3 note cards we had?...

48. 4 Roy Wright’s Testimony Roy Wright’s situation 4 5 “1933, Roy Wright, youngest of the Scottsboro Boys, was held in Birmingham Prison while his co- defendants languished on death row in Kilby Prison in Montgomery. “ “The firstest I knowed anything was wrong, or knowed who else was on that train was when that crowd of white men stopped the train in Paint Rock and took us off. “ Wright’s release July 1937 - Roy Wright released, all charges dropped Here they are. We’ve already used the one on top, so let’s go to the next one.

49. Roy Wright’s Testimony 4 “The firstest I knowed anything was wrong, or knowed who else was on that train was when that crowd of white men stopped the train in Paint Rock and took us off. “ We need to put a transition in before this, though.

50. Roy Wright was one of the boys accused in the Scottsboro incident. Transition In 1933, Roy Wright was being held in the prison in Birmingham (“Scottsboro…”). At his trial Roy Wright denied any wrongdoing. He is quoted as having said, “The firstest I knowed anything was wrong, or knowed who else was on that train was when that crowd of white men stopped the train in Paint Rock and took us off.”