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Review: Commas

Review: Commas. 6 Uses for Commas. 1. To separate items in a series 2. To set off introductory material 3.On both sides of words that interrupt the flow of thought. 4. Between two complete thoughts connected by a FANBOY 5. To set off a direct quotation from the rest of the sentence

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Review: Commas

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  1. Review: Commas

  2. 6 Uses for Commas • 1. To separate items in a series • 2. To set off introductory material • 3.On both sides of words that interrupt the flow of thought. • 4. Between two complete thoughts connected by a FANBOY • 5. To set off a direct quotation from the rest of the sentence • 6. For certain everyday material like greetings and numbers

  3. Type 1: Items in a Series • John ate a double-double, fries, a chocolate shake, and a Diet Coke at In n’ Out Burger. • Try it: • Jane went to the yoga studio the post office and the grocery store.

  4. Type 2: Comma After Introductory Material • Although Jim hated tomatoes, he loved ketchup. • Identify the DC and IC • Try it: • Muttering under his breath Hassan reviewed the terms he had memorized.

  5. Type 3: Comma Around Words that Interrupt the Flow • Tip: If you can eliminate the phrase or word and the sentence still makes sense, you can place commas around it. • Jay Cutler, a famous football player, was interviewed after the game. • Try it: • His car a reliable Toyota has always enabled him to get to work on time.

  6. Type 4: Comma between Complete Thoughts • If you have two ICs (or complete thoughts), you may use a comma to connect them ONLY if you include a FANBOY after it. • Jasmine went to the art gallery, but she didn’t buy a painting. • Try it: • I turned left on PCH I turned at the nearest light • Try it—think carefully: • Dean switched the lamp on and off and then tapped it with his fingers.

  7. Type 5: Comma with Direct Quotations • Use a comma to set off a direct quotation from the rest of the sentence. • Carmen and Rochelle cried, “We can’t wait for the weekend!” • Try it: • “Hi there” said the operator. • The speaker states “Sundays too my father got up early” (2-3).

  8. Type 6: Everyday Material • Use a comma when addressing someone directly. • Example: Kassandra, will you turn on the lights in the classroom. • Use a comma after the greeting in a personal letter. • Example: Dear Immanuel, or Sincerely, • Use commas in numbers that have more than four digits. Years and street numbers do not get commas.

  9. Add Commas Where Needed: Dearest Harry Although you are a young wizard your professors think you show great potential. You excel at spells magic and flying. Dumbledore the headmaster of the school states “Harry is one of the brightest students I’ve ever taught.” Sincerely Hermione

  10. Other Punctuation Marks • : Colon: (read definition on page 583) • — Dash • - Hyphen • ( ) Parentheses • ; Semicolon

  11. The Colon • Use a colon at the end of a complete statement to introduce a list, a long quotation, or an explanation. • Example: Please buy the following pastries: pumpkin pie, cheesecake, and cookies. • Try it: The author explains how pandas eat “The creatures consume their food slowly” (Jones 97).

  12. The Semicolon • The semicolon breaks two complete thoughts. • Example: At the mall, one can buy anything one desires; people shop there for this reason. • Try it: Strange things happen at very low temperatures a rose will shatter like glass. • In addition, a semicolon can be used to mark off items in a series when the items themselves contain commas. • Example: His favorite books are Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury; To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee; and The Audacity of Hope by BarackObama.

  13. The Dash • “A dash signals a pause longer than a comma but not as complete as a period. Use a dash for dramatic effect” • Example: Steven is good at walking—on his hands. • Try it: The little girl was obsessed with one thing getting a hamster.

  14. Parentheses • Parentheses set off extra or non-essential information. They are also used after a quote as cradle for the author’s last name and page number. • Example from Langan: Ukraine became independent (the country that had been a part of the Soviet Union since 1922) in 1990, after the fall of communism. • Try it: The autumn leaves red and yellow from the weather fell from the tree.

  15. The Hyphen • Use a hyphen with two or more words that act as a single unit describing a noun. Or use a hyphen to show that the word is continued on the next line. • Examples: “late-night show” • Try it: The blood red moon hanging low on the horizon glimmered on the lily covered pond.

  16. “Woman Hollering Creek”La Llorona

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