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Intro to Programming Week # 3 If-else Statement Lecture # 6

This lecture covers control structures, if-else statements, and nested if-else statements in programming. Includes examples and practice exercises.

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Intro to Programming Week # 3 If-else Statement Lecture # 6

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  1. Department of Computer Science & Engineering Air University Intro to ProgrammingWeek # 3If-else StatementLecture # 6 By: Saqib Rasheed

  2. Control Structures • 3 control structures • Sequence structure • Programs executed sequentially by default • Selection structures (conditional instructions) • if, if/else, switch • Repetition structures (loop/jump instructions) • while, do/while, for

  3. Flow Chart for if statement Air University

  4. if Statement if (condition) { statement ; - - } The if statement allows conditional execution Air University

  5. Practice Example # 1 main () { int num; cout<<“Enter a number less than 10:”; cin>>num; If (num <10) { cout<<“What a obedient students” } } Air University

  6. Relational Operators • The relational operators allow to compare two values • Whether they are equal to each other. • Unequal • Whether one is greater than the other. Air University

  7. Relational Operators Air University

  8. We can even use arithmetic expressions in the if statement. if ( 3 + 2 % 5 ) cout<<"This works"; if ( a = 10 ) cout<<"Even this works"; if ( -5 ) cout<<"Surprisingly even this works"; Air University

  9. Practice Example # 2 int var1, var2; cout<<"Input the first number:"; cin>>var1; cout<<"Input the second number:"; cin>>var2; if(var1 == var2) { cout<<"var1 is equal to var2"; } Air University

  10. Practice Example # 3 int main() { int n,d; cout << "Enter two positive integers: "; cin >> n >> d; if (n%d) cout << n << " is not divisible by " << d ; } Air University

  11. if-else Entry point for if-else block Exit point for if-else block Air University

  12. if-else if (condition) { statement ; - - } else { statement ; - - } Air University

  13. Practice Example # 4 cout<<“Enter a number less than Equal to 10:”; cin>>num; If (num <=10) { cout<<“What a obedient students” } else { cout<<“You are not obedient Student”; } Air University

  14. Practice Example # 5 int var1, var2; cout<<"Input the first number:"; cin>>var1; cout<<"Input the second number:"; cin>>var2; if(var1 == var2) { cout<<"var1 is equal to var2"; } else { cout<<"var1 is not equal to var2"; } Air University

  15. Example Nested if int var1,var2,var3,var4; var1=12; var2=12; var3=10; var4=10; if(var1 == var2) { cout<<"\nOuter Loop Statement"; if (var3 == var4) { cout<<"\nVar1 & Var2 are Equal and Var3 & var4 are Equal"; } } cout<<"\nMain Statement"; Air University

  16. Largest Number among 3 Que No 1 Write a program in C++ that take input of three integers numbers from user. Find the largest number among three of them. Air University

  17. Largest Number among 3 (Code) #include<iostream.h> void main () { int a,b,c, larg; cout<<"Enter First Integer="; cin>>a; cout<<"Enter Second Integer="; cin>>b; cout<<"Enter Third Integer="; cin>>c; Air University

  18. Largest Number among 3 (Code) if (a > b) larg = a; else larg = b; if (larg > c ) cout<<"Largest is ="<<larg<<endl; else cout<<"Largest is ="<<c<<endl; } Air University

  19. Largest Number among 3 (Out Put) Enter First Integer=10 Enter Second Integer=25 Enter Third Integer=38 Largest is =38 Press any key to continue Air University

  20. Nested if else Que No 2 Write a program in C++ using if/else operator with nested statements to find the grade of a student . marks >= 90  Grade A marks >= 80  Grade B marks >=70  Grade C marks >=60  Grade D Air University

  21. Nested if else (Code) #include<iostream.h> void main () { int marks; cout<<"Enter the grade of student="; cin>>marks; if ( marks >= 90 ) cout<< " Grade A \n"; else if (marks >= 80 ) cout<<" Grade B \n"; Air University

  22. Nested if else (Code) else if ( marks >=70 ) cout<<" Grade C \n"; else if (marks >=60) cout<<" Grade D \n"; else { cout<<" Grade F \n"; cout<<" You have to take the classes again\n"; cout<<" Work Hard To Get Good Grade\n"; } } Air University

  23. Nested if - else int n1,n2,n3; cout << "Enter three integers: "; cin >> n1 >> n2 >> n3;` if (n1 < n2) if (n1 < n3) ` cout << "Their minimum is " << n1 << endl; else cout << "Their minimum is " << n3 << endl; elseif (n2 < n3) cout << "Their minimum is " << n2 << endl; else cout << "Their minimum is " << n3 << endl; Air University

  24. Nested if-else main( ) { int i ; cout<< "Enter either 1 or 2 "; cin>>i ; if ( i == 1 ) cout<<"You would go to heaven !"; Air University

  25. Nested if-else else { if ( i == 2 ) cout<<"Hell was created with you in mind"; else cout<<"How about mother earth !"; } } Air University

  26. Forms of if • The if statement can take any of the following forms: (a) if ( condition ) do this ; (b) if ( condition ) { do this ; and this ; } Air University

  27. Forms of if -else (c) if ( condition ) do this ; else do this ; Air University

  28. Forms of if -else (d) if ( condition ) { do this ; and this ; } else { do this ; and this ; } Air University

  29. Forms of if -else (e) if ( condition ) do this ; else { if ( condition ) do this ; else { do this ; and this ; } } Air University

  30. Forms of if -else (f) if ( condition ) { if ( condition ) do this ; else { do this ; and this ; } } else do this ; Air University

  31. Logical Operators AND && OR || Not ! Bitwise Operator | & Air University

  32. Logical Operators If a is greater than b AND c is greater than d In C++ if(a > b && c> d) if(age > 18 || height > 5) Air University

  33. The Conditional Operators • The conditional operators ? and : are sometimes called ternary operators • since they take three arguments expression 1 ? expression 2 : expression 3 Air University

  34. Example of Condition Operator int x, y ; cin>>x; y = ( x > 5 ? 3 : 4 ) ; • This statement will store 3 in y if x is greater than 5, otherwise it will store 4 in y. Air University

  35. Hierarchy of Operators Air University

  36. Vowel / Consonant Que No 3 Write a program in C++ to input a single character and print a message“ It is vowel" if it is vowel otherwise print message "It is a "consonant“ Use if-else structure and OR (||) operator only Air University

  37. Vowel / Consonant (Code) #include<iostream.h> void main() { char input; cout<<"Input a single character-->"; cin>>input; if (input == 'a' || input == 'e'|| input == 'i' ||input == 'o'|| input == 'u‘) cout<<"Its a VOWEL\n“; else cout<<"Its a CONSONANT\n“; } Air University

  38. Odd/ Even Que No 4 Write a Program in C++ that take an Integer value’s from the user and tell that the number Is EVEN or ODD Air University

  39. Odd/ Even (Code) int value; cout<<"Enter an Interger value "; cin>>value; if (value % 2 == 0) cout<<"Your number is Even\n"; else cout<<"Your number is Odd\n“; Air University

  40. Small / Capital Letter Que No 5 Write a program in C++ that take a single character from the user, and tells it's a Small Letter or it's a CAPITAL letter using nested if statement only Air University

  41. Small / Capital Letter (Code) char letter; cout<<"Enter the letter in \"CAPITAL\" or in \"SMALL\"-->"; cin>>letter; if (letter >='A' && letter <= 'Z') { cout<<"\n\nYou Entered a Capital Letter\n"; if (letter == 'a' || letter == 'e'|| letter == 'i' || letter == 'o'|| letter == 'u' || letter == 'A' || letter == 'E'|| letter == 'I' || letter == 'O'|| letter == 'U') cout<<"\n\nIts a VOWEL\n"; else cout<<"\n\nIts a CONSONANT\n“; } Air University

  42. Small / Capital Letter (Code) else if (letter >= 'a' && letter <= 'z') { cout<<"\n\nYou Entered a Small Letter\n"; If (letter == 'a' || letter == 'e'|| letter == 'i' || letter == 'o'|| letter =='u' || letter == 'A' || letter == 'E'|| letter == 'I' || letter == 'O'|| letter == 'U') cout<<"\n\nIts a VOWEL\n"; else cout<<"\n\nIts a CONSONANT\n“; } else cout<<"\n\nIts Not a letter"; cout<<endl; return 0; } Air University

  43. Condition Operator (?:) Que No 6 Write a Program in C++ to input a single letter in a char variable. If "m" is input print "You are Male” otherwise "You are Female" by Using Condition Operator (?:) Air University

  44. Condition Operator (?:) #include<iostream.h> void main () { char gender; cout<<"Enter the Gender of the Person="; cin>>gender; /*(?:) First Value is Printed if the condition is true and if it is false second condition is printed*/ cout<<( gender>= 'm' ? "You are Male\n" : "You are Female\n"); } Air University

  45. Temperature Program Que No 7 Make a program in C ++ that tells the form of Water whether it is Ice, Water or Steam. Display the menu also as under. Temperature Less than 0 = ICE Temperature Greater than 0 & Less than 100 = Water Temperature Greater than 100 = STEAM Air University

  46. Temperature Program int t; cout<<"Temperature Less than 0 = ICE \n" <<"Temperature Greater than 0 & " <<"Temperature Less than 100 = Water\n" <<"Temperature Greater than 100 = STEAM\n"; cout<<"\n\n\t\tPlease enter the Temperature="; cin>>t; Air University

  47. Temperature Program if ( t <= 0 ) cout<<"Form of water is \"ICE\""<<endl; else if( t > 0 && t < 100 ) cout<<"Form is \"WATER\"\n"; else if ( t >= 100 ) cout<<"Form of water is \"steam\"\n"; Air University

  48. Assignment • Write a program to calculate the salary as per the following table Air University

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