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PROBLEMS AND PARADOXES OF RUSSIAN FEDERALISM

PROBLEMS AND PARADOXES OF RUSSIAN FEDERALISM. PARADOXES. HISTORICAL PARADOXES Genetic paradox Kiev Russia, Russia under Tatars, Moscow Russia, the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union. Geographical paradox. Cultural paradox. Organizational paradox. Ethnic paradox. Formal paradox.

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PROBLEMS AND PARADOXES OF RUSSIAN FEDERALISM

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  1. PROBLEMS AND PARADOXES OF RUSSIAN FEDERALISM

  2. PARADOXES HISTORICAL PARADOXES • Genetic paradox Kiev Russia, Russia under Tatars, Moscow Russia, the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union

  3. Geographical paradox. • Cultural paradox. • Organizational paradox. • Ethnic paradox. • Formal paradox.

  4. Ethnic paradox. National Formations ~ 50% of the territory ~ 23% of the population Tatarstan: 51% of the population are tatars but only 32% of all Russian tatars live in Tatarstan

  5. PARADOXES ACTUAL PARADOXES • Paradox of asymmetry

  6. Paradox of power. Governor - Regional Legislature - Courts

  7. Paradox of hierarchy. Federal Government – Regional Government Local Government

  8. Paradox of speed The Legislative Process By the end of 1999 – more than 20% of regional legislature contradicted the federal one

  9. Paradox of “matryoshka” Tyumen Oblast: the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug the Yamalo-Nenetsk Autonomous Okrug. Krasnoyarsk Krai: the Taymyr (Dolgano-Nenets) Autonomous Okrug the Evenk Autonomous Okrug, Perm Oblast: the Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug Kamchatka Oblast: the Koryak Autonomous Okrug Arkhangelsk Oblast: the Nenestk Autonomous Okrug Irkutsk Oblast:the Aga Buryat Autonomous Okrug, Chita Oblast the Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug,

  10. POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS: • 1. Separation – the Chukotsk Autonomous Okrug, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast; • 2.Unification • 3.Federal administration • 4.National-cultural autonomy • 5.Ethnic district • 6.Different solutions

  11. CONTRADICTIONS • BUDGET FEDERALISM. The consolidated federal budget: In 1989 - 60:40, In 1999 - 45:55, +13-15% direct transfers NO TRANSPARENCY

  12. ETNIC COMPONENT. • DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS. (joint jurisdiction)

  13. SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES. Moscow - the Republic Ingushetia The average income per capita in 1999 17:1

  14. PREJUDICES • ETHNIC CRUX OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERALISM. • PERSPECTIVES FOR DESINTEGRATION. • ECONOMY ORGANIZERS VS. POLITICIANS. • TOP DOWN OR BOTTOM UP FEDERALISM? • PREJUDICE OF ONE-MAN MANAGEMENT. • FEDERALISM AS WEAKENING OF THE STATE • REGIONS=REGIONAL AUTHORITIES • ”STRUGGLE” FOR THE RIGHTS OF REGIONS.

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