WORLDS APART

1. WORLDS APART Causes of Tension between the North and South

2. Day 1: Essential Questions • Identify and describe what factors lead to the tensions between the North and South?

3. Worlds Apart With your Fluency Partner Read page 140 2. What change took place in the United States? Several of the northern states chose to abolish slavery, but southern states did not.

4. Read page 141 3. What were some effects of the invention of the cotton gin? Southern farmers wanted more enslaved people to work the fields. Cotton was easier to produce_________________________ Cotton became the South’s most important crop.__________ Textile mills in Britain and New England needed the cotton the South grew. 4. What did the southern states do after Nat Turner’s rebellion? Southern states passed laws to control both enslaved and free blacks. 5. Slavery became a source of deep conflict between the North and the South.

5. 7. What led to the growth of slavery in the early 1800s? As cotton became the South’s most important crop, plantation owners used more and more slaves to grow it.

6. 8. Main Idea: Slavery grew in the South after the invention of the cotton gin. SUPPORTING DETAILS After the invention of the cotton gin farmers were able to plant more cotton.  After the invention of the cotton gin southern farmers wanted more slave to work in their cotton fields. Cotton became the South’s most important crop, and the by 1840 the South was growing most of the world’s cotton.

7. Cotton An Important Crop in the South Cotton is a natural vegetable fiber of great economic importance as a raw material for cloth. Its widespread use is largely due to the ease with which its fibers are spun into yarns. Cotton's strength, absorbency, and capacity to be washed and dyed also make it adaptable to a considerable variety of textile products. Cotton is easy to grow but because it was so difficult to clean, cotton was not a cash crop.  Tobacco and indigo were the South’s cash crops.  Tobacco is difficult to grow.  Tobacco wears out the land and the land must be given a rest once every 7 years.  But cotton can grow anywhere, even on land that is drained of its nutrients

8. INVENTION OF THE COTTON GIN Slavery grew in the South after the invention of the cotton gin. The cotton gin, invented in 1793 by Eli Whitney, was designed to separate raw cotton fibers from seeds and other foreign materials prior to baling and marketing. The design was so efficient that it remains virtually unchanged to the present day.

9. How the cotton gin worked. The cotton gin was a very simple invention.  First, the cotton bolls were put into the top of the machine.  Next, you turn the handle, which turns the cotton through the wire teeth that combs out the seeds.  Then the cotton is pulled out of the wire teeth and out of the cotton gin.

10. Read page 141 with your partner. Can you find some supporting details to support this main idea? MAIN IDEA Slavery became a source of deep conflict between the North and South.

11. MAIN IDEA Slavery became a source of deep conflict between the North and South. • SUPPORTING DETAILS • Many southerners thought slavery was too important to their economy to give up. • Some northerners believed that slavery was unfair and wrong. • Delegates at the Continental Congress could not agree to end slavery.

12. Main Idea Sometimes enslaved people fought against slave-owners. Supporting Details Nat Turner led a rebellion against slave owners in Virginia in 1831. During Nat Turner’s Rebellion 59 people were killed.

13. THOUGHT QUESTION • THOUGHT QUESTIONS • What led to the growth of slavery in the early 1800’s? • How did the different economies of the North and South lead to conflict between the North and South? • What do you think might have happened if the cotton gin had not been invented?

14. Day 2: Essential Questions • Identify and describe what factors lead to the tensions between the North and South?

15. Read page 142 9. According to the graph on page 142, what was the value of goods made in the North in 1840? about $375 million 10. What were the differences between the economies of the North and South? The South’s economy was agricultural, or based on farming. The North’s economy was industrial, or based on factories and businesses. 11. Why were there fewer farmers in the North by 1860? Manufacturing jobs drew more people to cities where factories were. 12. As a result of tariffs, consumers had to pay higher prices for manufactured goods they wanted, such as steel and cloth.

16. Think and Write 1: Is this the northern or southern region of the United States? Explain using evidence from the text to support your position.

17. Read page 143 13. (Draw Conclusions) What would states’ rights supporters think about federal laws prohibiting or supporting slavery in a particular state? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. What increased sectionalism in the North and South? Disagreements over slavery, tariffs, and other economic issues increased sectionalism. 15. Why did southerners dislike tariffs? Tariffs made prices higher on certain goods. Some thought tariffs were unconstitutional. 16. What are three things the North and South argued over? Slavery, tariffs, and states’ rights