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Bell Ringer

Bell Ringer. Section 22-1. Review of Unit Three. Name Five major characteristics of the Fungi Kingdom:. Eukaryotes - Cells have a nucleus. 2. Have a cell wall made of chitin. 3. Mostly Multicellular (except for yeast which is unicellular.

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Bell Ringer

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  1. Bell Ringer Section 22-1 Review of Unit Three Name Five major characteristics of the Fungi Kingdom: • Eukaryotes- Cells have a nucleus 2. Have a cell wall made of chitin 3. Mostly Multicellular (except for yeast which is unicellular 4. Heterotrophs- AKA Consumers. Fungi are decomposers 5. Some reproduce sexually and some reproduce asexually How is this different than the Plant Kingdom? Go to Section:

  2. Introduction to Plants • What is a plant? A. Multicellular – composed of more than 1 cell B. Eukaryotic – cells contain a nucleus C. Autotrophic – most carry out photosynthesis D. Cell walls made of cellulose • Reproduce sexually and asexually • In Sexual Reproduction– plants create egg and sperm cells • Asexual reproduction - can reproduce by propagation (fragmentation) – cuttings taken from plant and allowed to root - identical to parent

  3. MEIOSIS Haploid Diploid FERTILIZATION Generalized Plant Life Cycle Section 22-1 Spores(haploid) Gametophyte Plant (haploid) Sporophyte Plant (diploid) Sperm(haploid) Eggs(haploid) Go to Section:

  4. II. Why are plants important? A. Base of land foodchains B. Provide shade and shelter for animals C. Produce oxygen D. Important sources of medications

  5. III. What do plants need in order to survive? A. Sunlight B. Water and Minerals C. Gas Exchange – take in CO2 and release O2 D. Movement of water and minerals

  6. IV. How did today’s plants evolve? A. Probably from organisms similar to today’s multicellularfreshwateralgae B. Evidence for this: plants and algae share- 1. Similar lifecycles (alternation of generations) 2. Cellulose in cell walls 3. Similar pigments; like chlorophyll 4. DNA evidence

  7. V. What are the four major groups of plants that exist today? A. Bryophytes (nonvascular, seedless – Ex: mosses) B. Ferns (vascular, seedless – Ex. Ferns) C. Gymnosperms (vascular, cone-bearing plants – Ex: pine tree) D. Angiosperms (vascular, flowering plants – Ex: dogwood tree, rose)

  8. Bryophytes

  9. Vascular Tissue: The food and water transport systems

  10. Ferns

  11. Seeds

  12. Gymnosperms

  13. Flowers used to help reproduction

  14. Angiosperms

  15. Figure 22-7 The Diversity of Plants Section 22-1 Cone-bearing plants760 species Floweringplants235,000 species Ferns andtheir relatives11,000 species Mosses andtheir relatives15,600 species Go to Section:

  16. Why are plants classified into these groups? 2 main reasons. A. Based on 3 important physical features • Whether or not they have vascular tissue A. Vascular Tissue: conducts water and minerals 2. Whether or not they produce seeds or spores 3. Whether or not they produce flowers • B. Project Deep Green 1. Since 1994, Biologists from 12 nations have been classifying plants by comparing DNA sequences

  17. Evolution of the Phone

  18. Floweringplants Cone-bearingplants Ferns andtheir relatives Flowers; SeedsEnclosed in Fruit Mosses andtheir relatives Seeds Water-Conducting(Vascular) Tissue Green algaeancestor Figure 22–6  A Cladogram of Plant Groups Section 22-1 Go to Section:

  19. Name 3 characteristics of the plant kingdom. Scientist believe all plants probably evolved from this common ancestor. What evidence supports this? What group of plants is the most primitive? What group of plants is the most successful?

  20. Bryophytes and Ferns • I. What are the characteristics of Bryophytes? A. Seedless- reproduce using spores not seeds B. Non-vascular – do not have xylem and phloem - Rely on osmosis and diffusion to move water and nutrients / must live in wet habitats! C. Grow just a few centimeters off the ground D. Depend on water for reproduction – sperm swims to egg

  21. III. How do bryophytes reproduce? • Fertilization occurs when sperm swims thru water to egg – gametophyte forms • Gametophyte is dominant • Sporophyte is dependent upon the gametophyte

  22. II. What are the 3 major groups of bryophytes? • Mosses • Liverworts • Hornworts

  23. Moss

  24. Liverwort

  25. Hornwort

  26. Bryophyte: Stomata (pores)

  27. Capsule Sporophyte Stalk Gametophyte The Structure of a Moss Section 22-2 Stem Leaf Rhizoid Go to Section:

  28. Bryophyte: Pseudo Leaves

  29. Bryophyte Anatomy Gametophyte (main plant body, “leaves”), haploid Rhizoids, haploid

  30. Bryophyte Anatomy Gametophyte makes gametes (sperm and eggs), haploid Sperm have tails to swim in the moisture on the plant to another nearby plant in order to fertilize the egg.

  31. Bryophyte Anatomy Fertilized eggs (diploid) grow into a sporophyte The sporophyte (diploid) grows up from the top of the gametophyte (haploid)

  32. Bryophyte Anatomy The sporophyte (diploid) is made up of a stalk and capsule… The sporophyte (diploid) goes through meiosis and released spores (haploid) from the capsule.

  33. Moss: Sporophyte growing from gametophyte

  34. Moss covers almost every available surface in rainforests

  35. Bryophyte Anatomy Sperm Sperm being released Eggs for sperm to fertilize

  36. Bryophyte Anatomy Capsule Sporophyte (Diploid) Stalk (Seta) Gametophyte (body with “leaves”) Gametophyte (Haploid) Rhizoid

  37. IV. What are mosses used for? • Dried sphagnum mosses used in gardening and potted plants

  38. Moss is used in gardening and planting because it is extremely absorbent

  39. IV. What are mosses used for? • Dried sphagnum mosses used in gardening and potted plants • Peat – accumulated moss used as fuel

  40. Peat (accumulated dead moss) is cut from the ground and used as fuel in many European countries

  41. Bog

  42. Bodies of the Bogs • Bodies of the Bog Prevents decomposition of dead organisms

  43. Capsule Sporophyte Stalk Gametophyte The Structure of a Moss Section 22-2 Stem Leaf Rhizoid Go to Section:

  44. Floweringplants Cone-bearingplants Ferns andtheir relatives Flowers; SeedsEnclosed in Fruit Mosses andtheir relatives Seeds Water-Conducting(Vascular) Tissue Green algaeancestor Figure 22–6  A Cladogram of Plant Groups Section 22-1 Go to Section:

  45. Ferns: Seedless Vascular Plants • IV. What are the characteristics of ferns and their relatives? A. Seedless- reproduce using spores B. True vascular tissue – have xylem and phloem C. Can grow tall because of lignin and vascular tissue D. Depend on water for reproduction – sperm swims to egg

  46. VII. How do seedless vascular plants reproduce? • Fertilization occurs when sperm swims thru water to egg • Sporophyte is dominant • Sporophyte develops from the gametophyte

  47. VI. What are the major groups of seedless vascular plants? • Ferns • Club mosses • Horsetails

  48. Tree fern – native to East Indies

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