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Air Quality Information Session

Air Quality Information Session. Indiana Department of Environmental Management August 18, 2010. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Revised NAAQS. Anticipated NAAQS Implementation Milestones. Lead Trends 1990-2009. Indiana’s Proposed

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Air Quality Information Session

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  1. Air Quality Information Session Indiana Department of Environmental Management August 18, 2010

  2. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

  3. Revised NAAQS

  4. Anticipated NAAQS Implementation Milestones

  5. Lead Trends 1990-2009

  6. Indiana’s Proposed Nonattainment Area for Lead Based on 2007-2009 Monitoring Data October 15, 2008: U.S. EPA announced a new lead standard set at 0.15 µg/m3 as a three month rolling average.

  7. New Lead Monitoring Requirements New source-oriented lead monitors at sources ≥ 1.0 tons per year actual emissions. Four monitors in Indiana were added in Delaware, Lake (2) and Porter counties. Second round of designation recommendations based on these new monitors are due to U.S. EPA in December 2010.

  8. 8-Hour CO Trends 1990-2009

  9. 1-Hour CO Trends 1990-2009

  10. CO Design Values Based on 2007-2009 Monitoring Data Current 8-hour Standard at 9 ppm U.S. EPA scheduled to announced a revised CO standard in October 2010 likely within a range of 3-6 ppm. Mapped By: B. Callahan, Office of Air Quality Note: Washington Park monitor began monitoring on 1/10/2010

  11. PM2.5 24-Hour Trends1999-2009 Annual monitoring for PM2.5 did not begin until 1999.

  12. PM2.5 Annual Trends1999-2009 Annual monitoring for PM2.5 did not begin until 1999 Note: The Hammond-Purdue monitor had an exceedance of the standard in 2009 but the three-year design value is still well below the standard.

  13. March 15, 2010: U.S. EPA announced a potential revised annual PM2.5 standard with a range of 11-14 µg/m3. PM2.5 Design Values Based on 2007-2009 Monitoring Data Current Standard at 15 µg/m3

  14. March 15, 2010: U.S. EPA announced a potential revised annual PM2.5 standard with a range of 11-14 µg/m3. PM2.5 Design Values Based on 2007-2009 Monitoring Data Potential Standard (Upper End) at 14 µg/m3

  15. March 15, 2010: U.S. EPA announced a potential revised annual PM2.5 standard with a range of 11-14 µg/m3. PM2.5 Design Values Based on 2007-2009 Monitoring Data Potential Standard (Lower End) at 11 µg/m3

  16. Annual NO2 Trends 1990-2009

  17. 1-Hour NO2 Trends 1990-2009 Note: The new 1-hour NO2 standard set at 0.100 ppm was not established until 2010 and is not shown on this graph

  18. Franklin Rd, Chicago NO2 Monitor Data Only monitor in the country that is over the 1-hour NO2 standard.

  19. NO2 Design Values Based on 2007-2009 Monitoring Data January 22, 2010:U.S. EPA announced a new NO2 standard set at 100 ppb and retained the annual NO2 standard set at 53 ppb.

  20. New NO2 Monitoring Requirements Near-Road Monitors Within 50 meters from edge of selected major roads (based on annual average daily traffic). Potential issues: road grades, noise barriers, air flow, access to monitor. Start operating January 1, 2013.

  21. Indiana Counties Required to have U.S. EPA NO2 Roadside Monitors

  22. 8-Hour Ozone Trends 1990-2009

  23. March 12, 2008:U.S. EPA announced a new 8-hour ozone standard set at 0.075 ppm. Ozone Design Values Based on 2007-2009 Monitoring Data Current Standard at 0.075 ppm

  24. Ozone Design Values Based on 2007-2009 Monitoring Data Proposed Standard at 0.070 ppm January 6, 2010: U.S. EPA announced reconsideration of the 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS (Proposed range of 0.060-0.070 ppm).

  25. Ozone Design Values Based on 2007-2009 Monitoring Data Proposed Standard at 0.065 ppm January 6, 2010: U.S. EPA announced reconsideration of the 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS (Proposed range of 0.060-0.070 ppm).

  26. Ozone Design Values Based on 2007-2009 Monitoring Data Proposed Standard at 0.060 ppm January 6, 2010: U.S. EPA announced reconsideration of the 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS (Proposed range of 0.060-0.070 ppm).

  27. Proposed Accelerated Implementation Timeline for Ozone U.S. EPA is planning to propose an implementation rule in Summer 2010 and issue a final rule as quickly as possible after the final ozone NAAQS is established.

  28. Ozone Designation Classifications • U.S. EPA has stated that all nonattainment areas for the 2010 ozone standard will be designated under Subpart 2. • Moderate and above areas would require additional control measures such as RACT, I/M, ROP, etc.) • Classification Option #1 “Percent-Above-Standard” method. • At 70 ppb Indiana could have18 marginal areas. • At 60 or 65 ppb Indiana could have 21 marginal areas and 6 moderate areas. • Classification Option #2 “Ratio of Thresholds” method. • At 70 ppb Indiana could have 15 marginal areas and 4 moderate areas. • At 60 or 65 ppb Indiana could have 12 marginal areas and 15 moderate areas.

  29. SO2 Annual Trends1990-2009 Note: The new 1-hour SO2 standard set at 0.075 ppm was not established until 2010 and is not shown on this graph.

  30. SO2 Design Values Based on 2007-2009 Monitoring Data Standard at 75 ppb June 6, 2010: U.S. EPA announced a new 1-hour SO2 standard set at 75 ppb.

  31. SO2 Implementation Timeline

  32. SO2 Designations U.S. EPA anticipates initially designating areas based on 2008-2010 monitoring data.

  33. SO2 SIP Development Process IDEM prefers a single SIP development process to meet all obligations since both maintenance SIP and attainment SIP require modeling and rulemaking. Addresses all obligations. Conserve resources. Ensure timely SIP submittals. Eliminate confusion associated with rulemaking for emission limitations or controls. Reduce the burden of additional monitoring.

  34. SO2 Modeling Protocol Model Fountain and Warrick counties. These two counties currently monitor nonattainment, but should monitor attainment following the installation of Flue-Gas Desulfurization scrubbers (FGDs) at sources in those counties. Model those areas that currently show attainment through monitoring data (Lake, Porter, LaPorte, Jasper, Hendricks and Vanderburgh counties). Model those areas (Marion and Gibson counties) which show a downward trend in SO2 emissions, still monitor violations, but may reach attainment in the near future. Based on results from the above modeling, Indiana will prioritize the remaining sources greater than 100 tons per year and model starting with the largest source or cluster of sources. Areas that measure air quality above the standard and are not expected to attain in the near future will not be modeled until Indiana is ready to draft attainment SIPs.

  35. Transport Rule

  36. Proposed Clean Air Transport Rule Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) remains in place until the proposed transport rule is finalized. Affects power plants because their emission reductions are most cost-effective. Twenty-one states (including Indiana) will be controlled for precursors of both fine particles and ozone. Eight states will be controlled for fine particles only and 4 states will be controlled for ozone only. Separate requirements for annual SO2 reductions, NOx reductions, ozone-season NOx reductions, and also sets emissions budgets for each state. To meet the proposed rule, U.S. EPA anticipates power plants will operate already installed control equipment more frequently, use lower sulfur coal, or install pollution control equipment.

  37. Proposed Clean Air Transport Rule By 2014 the benefits include 71% reduction from 2005 levels in SO2 and 52% reduction from 2005 levels in NOx emissions from power plants. 6.3 million tons of SO2 per year. 1.4 million tons of NOx per year. 300,000 tons of NOx during ozone season. SO2 emissions would be limited to 2.6 million tons per year (tpy). NOx emissions would be limited to 1.3 million tpy. Ozone season NOx emissions will be limited to 600,000 tpy. U.S. EPA estimates the annual benefits from the proposed rule range between $120-$290 billion in 2014. U.S. EPA estimates annual compliance costs to the power sector at $2.8 billion in 2014.

  38. Proposed Clean Air Transport Rule U.S. EPA is proposing one approach and taking comment on two alternatives. All three approaches would cover the same states, set budgets for each state, and obtain the reductions from power plants. U.S. EPA’s preferred approach: allows interstate trading and limited interstate trading among power plants but assures that each state will meet its pollution control obligations. First alternative: trading is allowed only among power plants within a state. Second alternative: U.S. EPA specifies the allowable emission limit for each power plant and allows some averaging of emission rates.

  39. Proposed Clean Air Transport Rule Proposal includes four separate control regions: NOx reductions (2012). Ozone-season NOx reductions (2012). Annual SO2 reductions. Phase I (2012) and Phase II (2014). Two control groups. Group 1: 2012 cap lowers in 2014. Group 2: 2012 cap only. Indiana is in Group 1. NOx annual and ozone season. SO2 annual.

  40. Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) Compared to Clean Air Transport Rule (CATR) (Units in Tons) SO2 budget is approximate. Budgets were to be 50% reduction of the Acid Rain budget for Phase 1 and 65% for Phase 2. Excludes interstate trading and eliminates bank of credits.

  41. Proposed Clean Air Transport Rule

  42. Note: Additional control equipment assumed for Clifty Creek and Rockport units Only. Rockport and Wabash would be required to control units to meet the proposed 1-year and 3-year average caps for 2014.

  43. Note: No new control equipment assumed for 2012 or 2014 (other than those within unsigned decrees). All units predicted to meet the 2014 1-year cap, but Rockport may have difficulty with the proposed 3-year average cap.

  44. LADCO* (Round 5) 8-Hour Ozone Modeling Results for Indiana Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium Highlighted Values are ≥ 0.065 ppm

  45. LADCO (Round 5) PM2.5 Annual Modeling Results for Indiana Highlighted Values are ≥ 12.5 ug/m3

  46. PM2.5 Redesignations Uncertainty associated with the implementation of CAIR has prevented approval of Indiana’s redesignation requests. Lack of support for demonstration for continuation of maintenance. Areas pending include Central Indiana, Northwest Indiana and Southwest Indiana. Southeast Indiana and Lawrenceburg Township will be submitted in Fall 2010. U.S. EPA intends to propose approval of the pending PM2.5 redesignations based on the proposed transport rule. Final approval would be issued following finalization of the transport rule in Spring 2011.

  47. Schedule for Final Transport Rule Proposal signed on July 6, 2010. Public comment period ends 60 days after publication in the Federal Register. Three public hearings will be held. U.S. EPA will continue to work with states to address comments and to implement the rule when final. Final rule expected in late spring 2011.

  48. Transport Rule II Transport Rule II will address new 2010 ozone standard and likely include ICI boilers. Transport Rule II will be the anchor to Indiana’s control programs for the new 2010 ozone standard.

  49. Upcoming Regulations

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