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Fascinating Facts About Sponges, Cnidarians, and Colonies in the World's Waters

Discover the intriguing world of sponges and cnidarians, invertebrate animals living in oceans, freshwater rivers, and lakes. Explore the unique body structures, feeding habits, and reproduction methods of these fascinating creatures. Learn about sponges' collar cells, jelly-like cells, and asexual reproduction through budding. Dive into the stinging cells and distinct body plans of cnidarians, such as polyps and medusas. Uncover the secrets of colony life, including coral reefs and Portuguese man-of-war structures, and their vital roles in marine ecosystems.

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Fascinating Facts About Sponges, Cnidarians, and Colonies in the World's Waters

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  1. Sponges Chapter 9 Section3

  2. Live all over the world (oceans, freshwater rivers and lakes) Sponges

  3. Invertebrate animals • No body symmetry • Never have tissues or organs • Looks like a hollow bag • Large opening at one end and tiny pores covering the surface • Spikes support and protect sponges body Sponge: Body Structure

  4. Eats tiny single-celled organisms • Collar cells that line central cavity, trap the tiny organisms • Jelly-like cells inside sponge digest, or break down, the food • Sponges get oxygen from water https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RmPTM965-1c Sponge: Obtaining Food and Oxygen

  5. Asexually • Budding: small new structures grow from the sides on an adult sponge • Buds eventually break free and begin new life • Sexually • Sponges produce both sperm cells and egg cells (do not have separate sexes) • Sperm cells released in water, enter another sponge, fertilize its eggs, larva develops • Larva: immature form of an animal that looks very different from the adult Sponges: Reproduction

  6. Cnidarians Chapter 9 Section3

  7. Jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones • Invertebrates that have stinging cells to capture food and protect themselves • Take food into central body cavity Cnidarians

  8. Two different body plans (vase and bowl) • Radial symmetry • Central hollow cavity • Tentacles containing stinging cells Cnidarians: Body Structure

  9. Vase-shaped body plan is a POLYP • Sea anemone • Mouth opens at top • Tentacles spread out from aroundmouth • Most are attached to underwater surface Body Structure:Polyp

  10. Bowl-shaped body plan is a MEDUSA • Jellyfish • Adapted for a swimming life • Mouths open downward and tentacles trail down Body Structure:Medusa

  11. Use stinging cells to catch animals they eat (prey) • Contains threadlike structure with spines • Uses tentacles to pull prey to mouth • Takes food into central body cavity • Expels undigested food through mouth Obtaining Food

  12. Unlike adult sponges, many cnidarians move to escape danger and to obtain food • Jellyfish? • Sea Anemones? Movement

  13. Asexual Reproduction • Hydras, corals, and sea anemones • Sexual Reproduction • Jellyfish Reproduction

  14. Colony • a group of many individual animals • Stony corals and Portuguese man-of-war Life in a Colony

  15. a coral reef is built by cnidarians • coral reefs are home to more species of fishes and invertebrates than any other environment on Earth • Coral polyps produce hard, stony skeletons around their soft bodies Stony Coral

  16. Contains as many as 1,000 individuals that function together as one unit • Top: gas filled chamber, allows colony to float • Bottom: polyps with different functions drift below • Some catch prey and help with digestion and reproduction Portuguese Man-of-War

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